8 stanzas - varited lengths -
between the shortest 2 and the
longest 9
The is no pattern to the stanzas perhaps to
reflect that there is no pattern to our
memories
Rhyming Scheme
Free Verse - Changes throughout the poem, he does this because after
the 4th line, he loses the pattern and picks up earthy
language to reflect the kind of people his father and
grandfather was
5th Stanza - only two lines to emphasize
the admiration Heaney has for his family
Language
Blunt title but the reader realises
that the title is to involve the three
generations of digging
Metaphor
Of digging and roots, which shows how Heaney's writing is
getting back to his roots (his identity, his family
Final Stanza, brings the poem almost to
a full circle
"I'll dig with it", shows that his pen is his powerful tool, also
suggests that Heaney wants to go "back to his roots" - to get
into his past through his writing
Imagery
Simile
(2nd line) "Snug as a gun", the gun represents power, the pen
is his powerful weapon and this line also shows how
comfortable Heaney is with his pen and writing
Enjambment
Between the second and third lines, "I look down/ Till his straining..."
Used for a dramatic effect, the pause between the stanzas indicates a gap
in time and also allows Heaney to praise his father
"I look down" Feeling that others may think that
Heaney is looking down on his family tradition but
the rest of this poem is almost like a response that
he is doing the opposite
Potatoes
(line 13-14) Imagery of the potatoes
in hands - the potatoes symbolizes
victory
Senses
Penultimate stanza (7th) appeals to our senses, Smell of "potato
mould" - Sound of "squelch and slap" (onomatopoeia) - Sight of "curt
cuts" senses make the imagery more vivid and shows Heaney's love of
farming
Alliteration
Used to create the feel and sensation
of digging
Examples - "the spade sinks into gravelly ground"
Tone
Regret - as Heaney is not out digging with his
family aswell "But I've no spade to follow
men like them."
Conjunction "But" (7th stanza) creates a tone of
regret deals with his own decision that he is not going
to follow them
Pride - Heaney proudly displays the talents of
his father and grandfather, "By God, the old
man could handle a spade."
Loving tone - Heaney writes this poem as if a gift
for his father and grandfather