The title is ambiguous and gives a sense both of
Heaney following his father and metaphorically
following him as any child "follows" a parent
The poem concludes with a
metaphorical relationship reversed
Form and structure
6 stanzas of quatrains - tight and
controlled orderly - reflective of the
skilled work of his father
autobiographical
Past Tense
Rhyme Scheme
5th Stanza - half rhymes "plough",
"Follow"
6th Stanza - the rhyme is stronger in the last stanza to
perhaps emphasize the closing message
The perfect rhymes are representing Heaney's young desire to
be his father
But the off-rhyme reflects that there is something not
quite right
Loose - creating a
narrative/conversational tone
ABAB
Language
1st Stanza
"Worked" - implies both the labour itself
and the control that his father had
Simile - "Shoulders globed like a full sail strung" suggests great strength
and size with the word "globed" and the impression that his father was
the whole world to young Heaney
The description also shows Heaneys
father as abnormal and a "superman"
figure
Enjambment "strung/ Between the
shafts" allows the line to run longer to
fully emphasis the size of the man
"the horses strained at his clicking tongue" -
his father had power over them, had the
ability to control them.
Onomatopoeia "clicking tongue" -
shows the horse to be well trained and
it emphasizes the skill of the father
2nd Stanza
"An expert" - Shows Heaneys admiration
for his father presented as a simple
statement of fact"
Also the use of the punctuation of the full
stop emphasizes the admiration that
Heaney has
Technical language when describing the
different parts of the plow in precise detail
Alliteration of the "t" sound - "set", "fit", "steel-pointed"
- allows the reader to vividly hear the clank of metal
Choice of the adjective "Single" reminds
us once again of the skill of his father
3rd Stanza
"sweating team" - Assonance - connects the father and the animals, the
cooperation between man and beast is presented here and it is
intimately connected with the land
Enjambment - the turn is imitated by the verse
being enjambed
Mathematical language and
terms to emphasize the
precision of the work
The words "angled", "mapped" and
"exactly" tell us that the business of
ploughing is very skilled
4th Stanza
Contrast - between his father and himself through the
pronoun "I stumbled" - used to show the difference in
Heaney and his father - how Heaney is clumsy and his
father is skilled
Subject of Sailing - choice of the word "wake" is in
keeping of the 1st stanza - impression of small Heaney is
a small boat and he is the wake of his father "the ship"
The verb "fell" gives further emphasizes of
young Heaney's clumsiness
Rhythmical device "dipping and rising' -
describes riding on his father's back -
emphasizes the strength of his father
Captures the up-down movement of his
progress through the use of vowels - short 'i'
in "dipping" and the long 'i' in "rising"
5th Stanza
Echo of the title - reminds us that
he doesn't follow his father
Adjective "Broad" - emphasizes
the father's strength and size
6th Stanza
Use of the verb "tripping", "falling",
"Yapping" - emphasize how clumsy and
unskilled Heaney was to his father
Conjunction "But" - signals a
volte - change in tone, focus
and attitude
Change in tense - past to present
tense - sums up the change in
mood in the stanza
Tone of impatience - doesn't want
to run after his father
Descriptions of his father are in
contrast with the earlier
descriptions
Also a tone of sadness - father went from an
"expert" to a weak man who is in the shadow of his
son of whom once looked up to him
Heaney is haunted with regret and guilt at his
decision not to follow his father and is reminded
by the weakness of his father
The first three stanzas
concentrate on the poet's father
The last three focus upon his
own position as a child
Each of the 3 last stanzas open with the
personal pronoun "I", focuses to him and
not his father