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2808265
Interrogating Crime
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Question 1 notes.
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dd301
open universty
revision
Mind Map by
Clare Pidgeon
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Clare Pidgeon
over 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Interrogating Crime
POWER
Reiamnn - avoidable deaths never enter dominnatn discourses of crime
de Haan - 'crime' is ideological concept justifying inequality and distracting from more serious problems / harms / injustices
Quinney - law is created and applied by those with power to translate their own interests into public policy
EPZ
Zones with little or no law
Designed to attact coporations
Malaysia
Malaysian government suggested electonric workers set up trade union
US electronics firms threatened to relocate - government backtracked
Multinational corporations abusing their power creating mass social harm not held to account by national / international law
LOCAL / GLOBAL
Illegal fishing in Africa
Decimates local food industry. POOR suffer
Normal trade in London
Human trafficking
EVA
Brought against her will & escapes
Sent to prison for having no paperwork
BANGLADESH
Devastation by climate change felt more widely by worlds poor
Affluent countries emit the pollution
Illegal chemical dumping contaminates their water
Flooding!
EPZ
HARM & VIOLENCE
Henry & Lanier - placed crime within broader social harm
Define harm as crime through power. Harm allows for justice to focus on governments & corporations
Human trafficking
Being harmed yet treated like criminals
Smuggling willing, trafficking against will
EVA
Repeatedly raped, brought against her will, escapes, sent to prison
Home office want to send her back to Africa
Suffered serious social harm but just seen by UK CJS as illegal immigrant / criminal
Export Processing Zones
No law - health & safety, labour rights flouted
Siapan (US Island)
Can say 'Made in USa' yet US law doesn't apply there
Workers in 'sweatshop' conditons but unable to do anything about it
43 million workers in 5,000 EPZs
Lobbying governments / policy makers
Asbestos
Known to kill since early 20th Century, took 60 years for use to be regulated
Asbestos industry suppressed scientific findings, funded own research, cover ups, manipulated data
125 million exposed, 100,000 die a year from asbestos exposure
Popular view of crime as individual act against other individuals allows corporations to continue to harm people
Helped by media & policy makers
CRIME CONTESTED
No universal definition
Dependent on historical, political, social, religious, geographical positionining
Eg. Homosexual acts - legal in UK (now), death penalty elsewhere
Harmful acts by powerful rarely brought before CJS
Powerful evade CJS whilst inflicting mass social harm
CJS sometimes treats victims of social harm as criminals (trafficking)
Hillyard + Tombs - many types of harm such as; living in poverty / cultural exclusion not considered centrally in crime policies
Salmi - violence narrowly equated to war / riots / murder, by definition any act that threatens physical OR psychological integrity
Criminal law narrowly concentrates on certain types of crime.
Michael & Adler - most precise definition 'behaviour prohibited by criminal code'
Individualises crime
Allows powerful to get away with faceless crimes that cause more social harm
FOCUS ON SOCIAL HARM
Concept of crime influenced by powerful
Corporations influence policy using lobbyists
EPZs
Loopholes to avoid CJS
Those with least power usually those socially harmed by powerful & treated by CJS as criminal
Trafficking. EVA
Taken against will, often treated as criminals and forced to testify for release
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