Sleeping Sickness: Trypanosoma brucei

Sleeping Sickness
1. Symptoms
  1. First Stage
    1. Chancre at the site of the fly bite
    2. Winterbottom's Sign: Swollen cervical Lymph Nodes
  2. Second Stage
    1. Mood changes
    2. Lethargy
    3. Insomnia at night
    4. Sleepy during the day
2. Cause
  1. Protozoa
    1. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
      1. Humans Only
    2. Trypanosoma brucei rhodeiense
      1. Animals and humans
  2. Vector
    1. Tsetse Fly
    2. Both Male and Female can transmit the infection
3. Transmission
  1. When the fly takes a blood meal
4. Trypanosoma brucei
  1. Morphology
    1. Motile
    2. Undulating Free Membrane
    3. Free Flagellum
  2. Type
    1. Hemoflagellate: Feed on Blood
    2. Kinoplast: Circular DNA in large mitochondria
  3. Discovered
    1. Sir David Bruce
  4. Replication
    1. Fly
      1. Procyclics: Binary Fission
    2. Human
      1. Metacyclic trypomastigotes: Replicate at infection site
      2. Long-slender form: Binary Fission
5. Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG)
  1. Host antibody-mediated lysis due to VSG on protozoa coat
6. Control
  1. Diagnosis
    1. Card Agglutination Trypanosomiasis Test (CATT)
    2. Lumber puncture: Trypanosomes in the cerebrospinal fluid in stage 2
  2. Vector
    1. Insecticide-treated surfaces
    2. Sterile Insect technique: Breed lab males (Infertile offspring) to compete with wildtype males.
  3. Treatment
    1. 1st Stage
      1. T.b.r : Suramin
      2. T.b.g: Pentamide
    2. 2nd Stage
      1. T.b.r: Melarsoprol
      2. T.b.g: Eflornithine
7. Epidemiology
  1. Central Africa

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Sleeping Sickness: Trypanosoma brucei

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	Created by Alexandra McCabe over 9 years ago