OSTEOARTHIRITIS

disease of joint which affects all weight-bearing components of joint
1. Risk factors
  1. age
    1. trauma
      1. obesity
        congenital dysplasias
2. Treatment
  1. Pharmagological
  2. Non-Pharmagological
    1. lifestyle
      1. Exercise
        Weight loss
        Assistive devices
    2. surgical
      1. Arthroscopic surgery
        Joint replacement
        Osteotomy
        Joint fusion
3. Compilcations
  1. Repeated physical trauma
    1. osteophytes
      1. Joint effusion
4. Epidemiology
  1. common in elderly , females > males
5. Management
  1. Examination
    1. look , feel , move
      1. special tests
        Patellar apprehension & tap test
        Anterior & posterior drawer test
        Apley’s distraction & grinding test
  2. Investigation
    1. X-ray
6. leading to Increase in cartilage degeneration
mostly affects
1. knee
  1. structure
    1. articulation
      1. menisci
        ligaments
        nerves
  2. common injures
    1. why arab knee common to have injures?
      1. their tibia has a higher slope with a more flexible tissue
    2. Genu valgum/varum
      1. Twisted knee
        Unhappy triad
Alzheimer’s Disease
1. brain condition that causes a worsening decline in memory, thinking, learning and organizing skills
  1. Pathophysiology
  2. RF
    1. Age
      1. Genetics
        Head injuries
        Infections
  3. S&S
  4. Investigations
    1. CBC & CSF Tests
      1. CT & MRI & PET
        Autopsy
    2. Biomarkers: Amyloid & Tau
  5. Management
    1. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
      1. NMDA antagonist
2. Anatomy of limbic system
3. other types of dementia
  1. Lewy body dementia
  2. Vascular dementia
  3. Frontotemporal dementia

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OSTEOARTHIRITIS

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	Created by Marwa Alqassim almost 3 years ago