GCSE B2.1 Cells, tissues and organs

1.1 Animal and plant cells
1. All living things are made from cells
2. Most cells have some structures in common
  1. Plant cell
    1. Nucleus
    2. Cytoplasm
    3. Cell membrane
    4. mitochondria
    5. Ribosomes
  2. Animal cell
    1. Ribosomes
    2. Mitochondria
    3. Cell membrane
    4. Cytoplasm
    5. Nucleus
    6. Cell wall
    7. Chloroplasts
    8. Permanent vacuole
3. Plant and animal cells are different because they have different fuctions
1.2 Bacteria and yeast
1. Bacteria
  1. Bacterial cells contain
    1. Cell membrain
    2. Cell wall
    3. Cytoplasm
    4. Plasmids
    5. Flagella
  2. No nucleus so the genetic material is stored in the cytoplasm
  3. When bacteria multiplies it forms a colony
2. Yeast
  1. Single-celled organism
  2. Yeast cells contain
    1. Nucleus
    2. Cytoplasm
    3. Membrane
    4. Cell wall
1.3 Specialised cells
1. As an organism matures, each cells develops to have their own fuction
2. There are many different types of cell
  1. Root hair cell
  2. Sperm cell
3. Look at the structures of the cell for a clues about its function
1.4 Diffusion
1. Molecules in gases and liquids move around randomly because of the amount of energy they have
2. Diffusion is the spreading out of gas, or any substance in a solution
3. Concentration gradient - the difference in concentration between two areas is called the
4. Because particles more randomly, there will be a net movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
5. The larger the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion
1.5 Tissues and organs
1. Tissues
  1. A tissue is a group of cells with a similar structure and function
  2. Animal tissues
    1. Muscle tissue - contracts to bring about movement
    2. Glandular tissue - produces substances like enzymes or hormones
    3. Epithelial tissue - Covers some parts of the body
  3. Plant tissues
    1. Epidermal tissue - Covers the plant
    2. Mesophyll - can photosynthesise
    3. Xylem and phloem - transport substances around the plant
2. Organs
  1. Organs are made of tissue
  2. The stomach is an organ made of muscular, glandular and epithelial tissues
1.6 Organ systems
1. Groups of organs work together to make an organ system
  1. One example is the digestive system
    1. The digestive system turns insoluble molecules into soluble molecules so it can be absorbed into the blood

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GCSE B2.1 Cells, tissues and organs

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	Created by Will Darby about 9 years ago