Pressure in a fluid is connected with the force that the fluid exerts on a particular surface.
Force is applied in all directions
Archimedes Principal
The upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces.
Density is mass per unit volume
Flow rate on the left must equal flow rate on the right
flow rate is the product of area and speed or volume divided by time.
bernoulli's equation
relation between pressure speed and energy
Chapter 11
harmonic motion and elasticity
an object moves over the same path periodically
requires velocity and displacement
linear frequency is in Hertz
Peak displacement from the equilibrium point is amplitude.
Displacement= 0, then Velocity= Max
Velocity= 0 Acceleration= Max (Extreme)
Period is time it takes to go through one complete cycle
Frequency is the number of oscillations per unit of time.
Simple harmonic oscillators
amplitude is the maximum displacement of the spring from its place of rest
Hooke's law
young's modulus characterizes the stiffness of the material
stress is force over an area
strain is change in length divided by the original length
The comparison of stress, strain, and young's modulus
shear modulus s in pascals
Replaces young's modulus in hooke's law
Volume deformations
change in pressure is equal to a negative bulk modulus times the change in volume divided by the original volume
Chapter 12
Waves
the moving disturbance that transports energy from one place to another without transporting matter
Waves move through a medium
Transverse waves
Perpendicular movement to the direction of propagation
longitudinal waves
Paralell movement to the direction of propagation
crest is the highest point on a wave, whereas the trough is the bottom
Wavelength is the constant repeat distance of the wave
periodic waves have a repeat time and repeat distance