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COPD

Description

Mind Map on COPD, created by Marwa Alqassim on 17/10/2022.
Marwa Alqassim
Mind Map by Marwa Alqassim, updated more than 1 year ago
Marwa Alqassim
Created by Marwa Alqassim about 2 years ago
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Resource summary

COPD
  1. diseases characterized by chronic or recurrent obstruction to the airflow
    1. risk factors
      1. smoking
        1. dusts & chemicals
          1. AAT deficiency
      2. includes
        1. Asthma
          1. emphysema
            1. chronic bronchitis
              1. bronchiectasis
                1. permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles
                2. Persistent cough with sputum for >=3 months in >=2 consecutive years
                3. permanent enlargement in air spaces & terminal bronchioles
                4. recurrent episodes of bronchospasm
                  1. clinical manifestation
                    1. SOB
                      1. Chest Tightness
                        1. Coughing
                          1. Wheezing
                            1. high-pitched, coarse whistling sound
                    2. diagnosis
                      1. FeNO Test
                        1. Spirometer
                          1. Peak Flow Test
                      2. treatment
                        1. B2 agonists
                          1. Methylxanthine Drugs
                            1. Leukotriene Inhibitors
                              1. Anti-Muscarinic Agents
                                1. Corticosteroids
                                  1. Monoclonal Antibody Therapy
                                    1. Cromolyn & Nedocromil
                  2. How its related to COVID-19?
                    1. SARS-COV-2 enters cell by binding to ACE2
                      1. ACE2 is increased in COPD
                    2. Lung functional tests
                      1. Exercise stress test
                        1. Lung volume tests
                          1. Gas diffusion tests
                        2. normal volume
                      2. Acute Tubular Necrosis
                        1. kidney injury characterized by acute tubular cell injury and dysfunction
                          1. Causes
                            1. Ischemic
                              1. Nephrotoxic
                              2. Clinical presentation
                                1. fatigue
                                  1. Nausea & vomiting
                                    1. loss of apetite
                                      1. pain in flanks
                                2. Pathophysiology
                                  1. Investigations
                                    1. CBC
                                      1. Urinalysis
                                        1. Kidney Biopsy
                                    2. Management
                                      1. Diuretics
                                    3. Renal failure
                                      1. Histology
                                        1. Renal injury
                                          1. Pre-renal
                                            1. Intra-renal
                                              1. Post-renal

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