3906340
Description
Mind Map by zoe_whitwell, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by zoe_whitwell
about 9 years ago
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BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
- Glia
- Astrocytes
- Bond with capillaries to form the BBB
- Surrond neurons and hold them in place
- Supply nutrients and oxygen
- Synaptic transmission (clearance of NT and release gliotransmitters)
- Bond with capillaries to form the BBB
- Oligodendrocytes
- Produce myelin for axons
- Insulation
- Produce myelin for axons
- Microglia
- immune cells
- Destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons
- immune cells
- Ependymal cells
- Line cerebral ventricles
- Cilia: circulate the CSF
- Line cerebral ventricles
- Astrocytes
- Neurotransmitters
- Dysregulation of NT systems may be important
in the physiology of neuropsychiatric disease
- Glutamate/dopamine (schizophrenia)
- The Dopamine Hypothesis: symptoms due to
disturbed and hyperactive dopaminergic signal
transduction
- Glutamate Hypothesis: schziophrenia
reflects diminished activation of NMDA
receptors in the brain
- The Dopamine Hypothesis: symptoms due to
disturbed and hyperactive dopaminergic signal
transduction
- GABA (anxiety/panic)
- Serotonin (depression)
- Monoamine Hypothesis: dysregulation of
the serotonin system
- depression associated with deficiency of
catecholamines (NE) at functionally
important adrenergic receptor sites
- Serotonin Biosynthesis
- L-tryptophan
synthesized
- Then hydrolysed - becomes 5-HTP
- Carboxylased by L-amino acid decarboxylase and
becomes serotinin (5-HT)
- Oxidation by monoamine oxidase to
the corresponding aldehyde
- Oxidation by aldehyde hydrogenase to 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
- Oxidation by aldehyde hydrogenase to 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
- Oxidation by monoamine oxidase to
the corresponding aldehyde
- Carboxylased by L-amino acid decarboxylase and
becomes serotinin (5-HT)
- Then hydrolysed - becomes 5-HTP
- L-tryptophan
synthesized
- depression associated with deficiency of
catecholamines (NE) at functionally
important adrenergic receptor sites
- Monoamine Hypothesis: dysregulation of
the serotonin system
- Glutamate/dopamine (schizophrenia)
- Dysregulation of NT systems may be important
in the physiology of neuropsychiatric disease
- Neuroanatomy
- Schizophrenia
- Ventricular
enlargement
- Grey matter
volume decrease
- First episode: hippocampaus,
thalamus, amygdala, anterior
cingulate
- Chronic: medial
and left
dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex
and left
suprerior
temporal gyrus
- First episode: hippocampaus,
thalamus, amygdala, anterior
cingulate
- White matter
abnormalities
- First episode: inferior
longitudinal fasciculus
- Chronic: right forceps, left forceps
minor, splenium of corpus
callosum
- First episode: inferior
longitudinal fasciculus
- Microcircuitry changes
- Cellular disarray
in the
hippocampus
- Pyramidal
cells reduced
in size and
packed more
densely
- Cellular disarray
in the
hippocampus
- Functional neuroanatomical
changes (hypofrontality)
- Ventricular
enlargement
- GAD
- Amygdala hyperactivation
- Amygdala hyperactivation
- Schizophrenia
- Neuropharmacology
- Agonist: binds to the receptor
and initiates a response like that
of the endogenous NT
- Anxiety
- Buspirone: 5-HT1A receptor agonists
- Buspirone: 5-HT1A receptor agonists
- Anxiety
- Antagonist: (usually a drug) binds
the the receptor and interferes with
the action of the endogenous NT
- Psychosis
- Chlorpromazine: DA
receptor antagonist
- PCP: non-competitive
NMDA receptor
antagonist
- Chlorpromazine: DA
receptor antagonist
- Depression
- Iproniazid: MAOI
- Imipramine:
increases brain levels
of catecholamines
and 5-HT (tricyclic
antidepressants)
- SSRI's
- Iproniazid: MAOI
- Anxiety
- Benzodiazepines
- Bind to GABA receptors
- Bind to GABA receptors
- SSRI's
- Pregabalin: Ca2+ receptor antagonist
- Benzodiazepines
- Psychosis
- Agonist: binds to the receptor
and initiates a response like that
of the endogenous NT
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