Other Substances from Crude Oil

Cracking
1. the process of using heat to turn large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful molecules
Alkenes
1. A group of unsaturated hydrocarbons
  1. double bonds in alkenes make them much more reactive than alkanes
    1. this makes alkenes extremely useful
Unsaturated
1. when hydrocarbons like alkenes have a double bond and so have the potential to bond with extra hydrogen atoms
Bromine water
1. used to test for alkenes
  1. if hydrocarbon contains double bonds then bromine water changes from orange to colourless
    1. the more bromine water used the more double bonds in the chemical
Monomers
1. Polymers
  1. Polymerisation
    1. chemical reaction that changes monomers to polymers
  2. Smart polymers
    1. polymers that may have properties changed by light, temperature of by other changes in their surroundings
  3. a long molecule made of lots of monomers joined together
2. small molecules
Biodegradable plastics
1. plastic made with corn starch that will break down naturally
Ethanol
1. Fermentation
  1. chemical process carried out by yeast that turns sugar into ethanol + carbon dioxide
  2. Advantages
    1. low temperature
      1. renewable
        little energy needed
  3. Disadvantages
    1. batch process
      1. slow
        impure - need treatment to purify
        high man power
2. Hydration
  1. reacting ethane with steam to make ethanol
  2. Advantages
    1. continuous process
      1. fast
        low man power
  3. Disadvantages
    1. high temperature & pressure
      1. non-renewable
        lots of energy needed
3. chemical in a group of alcohols
  1. can be made from sugar and used as a fuel

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Other Substances from Crude Oil

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	Created by donnapumpkin about 9 years ago