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39582459
Diabetic Ketoacidosis - Jessica and Misbah
Description
Mind map on Diabetic Ketoacidosis a class assignment made by Jessica and Misbah
No tags specified
diabetes
diabetic ketoacidosis
nursing
pathophysiology
Mind Map by
Layla Abdulbaki
, updated 5 months ago
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Created by
Light Lamp
about 8 years ago
Copied by
Layla Abdulbaki
5 months ago
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Resource summary
Diabetic Ketoacidosis - Jessica and Misbah
Interventions
Adjust fluid volumes (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
correcting electrolyte imbalance
restoring hyperosmolaity
Fluid replacement using IV solutions (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Normal Saline
Ringers Lactate
Increase tissue perfusion (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Restore blood glucose (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
insulin therapy (Noble-Bell & Cox, 2014)
resolving ketosis (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Nursing Assessments
Monitor fluid balance: intake and output (Noble-Bell & Cox, 2014)
Monitor vital signs and level of consciousness hourly (Use Glascow scale) (Noble-Bell & Coz, 2014)
Monitor for signs of related to fluid overload, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (Noble-Bell & Cox, 2014)
Capillary Blood Glucose and ketones every 1 hour during acute phase (Noble-Bell & Cox, 2014)
Monitor serum potassium levels (Noble-Bell & Cox, 2014)
Blood gases in monitoring for acidosis/alkalosis (Noble-Bell & Cox, 2014)
Etiology
Diabetes Type I / Diabetes Type II (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Insulin deficency, and increase glucose in the blood stream
Infection (Westerberg, 2013)
Pneumonia
Urinary Tract infection
Sepsis
Certain Medications (Wetserberg, 2013)
Antipsychotics (Wetserberg, 2013)
corticosteroids, glucagon, interferon, pentamidine, sympathomimetic agents, thiazide diuretics (Wetserberg, 2013)
Illicit drugs: cocaine, alcohol (Wetserberg, 2013)
Risk factors
Vomiting (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Fasting (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Pregnant (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
poor adherence to insulin/ or insulin omission (Anzola, Gomez, & Umpierrez, 2016)
New diagnosis (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Previous DKA (Wolfsdorf et al., 2014)
poor management of hydration (Wolfsdorf et al., 2014)
Eating disorders (Wolfsdorf et al., 2014)
Lack of access to health care (Wolfsdorf et al., 2014)
Clinical Manifestations: Evolves over a short time period & can pogress quickly. (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Lab values
glucose > 250 mg/dl (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Metabolic Acidosis (Westerberg, 2013)
Kussmaul Respirations
Ph < 7.35 (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
HCO3 <22mmol/ L (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Hyperglycemia (Westerberg, 2013)
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Polyuria
Weightloss
Fatigue
Vomiting (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Abdominal Pain (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Dehydration (Westerberg, 2013)
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Poor skin turgor
Dry mucous membranes
Orthostatic hypotension
Decreased level of Consciousness (Anzola et al., 2016)
Ketosis: acetone scent (Sweet smell) (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Pathophysiology
Insulin deficiency (Westberg, 2013)
increase in counter regullatory hormones (Westberg, 2013)
glucagon
catechalomines
cortisol
growth hormones
Fats are broken down into ketones (Westberg, 2013)
Proteins are broken down (Westberg, 2013)
Glucose and ATP is created (Westberg, 2013)
Leads to hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis (Westberg, 2013)
Dehydration
Hyperosmolaric state.
Metabolic acidosis
Complications
Hypoglycemia (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Due to insulin overtreatment (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Acute Renal failure (Westerberg, 2013)
Shock (Westerberg, 2013)
Cerebral Edema (Westerberg, 2013)
Hypokalemia (Nyenwe & Kitabchi, 2016)
Prevention
Health teaching (Anzola et al., 2016)
adherence to insulin therapy
controling blood glucose levels
how to adjust insulin when ill
maintaining adequate fluid intake
Addressing barriers (Anzola et al., 2016)
in access to health care, primary care
in communication with the health care provider, or social supports
in social supports such as family, friends school and it's affect on health
Media attachments
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42afe649-1f90-4ae6-8865-1350a050031c (image/jpg)
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