provide instructors
with students' prior
knowledge and
baseline
understanding
provide an
opportunity to
determine if
students
remember the
concepts they
need
can be unreliable
summative of previous material; short quiz on readiness skills
Formative
allow teachers
to check for
student
understanding
during lessons
not graded;
less anxiety
to get it
right;
practice to
get help
before test
sacrifice of
time; lack
of mastery
graphic
organizers;
summarization
Summative
test that evaluates
the student's
comprehension of
material learned
provide
motivation
to students;
great insight
for teachers
not always most
accurate; teaching
to tests
statewide
tests; college
entrance exam;
end of year
exams
Performance-Based
active and authentic
demonstration of student
knowledge; students
perform tasks to show
knowledge
more detailed; both
summative/formative;
mastery of content
random/systematic
scoring; difficult to
design; less efficient;
more time consuming
write essay;
solve
problem;
project
High Stakes
standardized achievement tests
public access;
helps teacher
plan lessons for
kids' needs
increased
pressure on
teachers and
students; lack of
complete
education
scantron; PAARC
Portfolio
ongoing assessment of student work
ongoing;
ungraded;
formative;
teacher
input
labor
intensive
process
writing portfolio
Authentic
directly examine student
performance on worthy intellectual
tasks, present the student with
tasks found in the best instructional
activities and real life and determine
whether the student can craft
polished, thorough and justifiable
answers, performances or products.
relevancy to
teaching;
students are
active
participants