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CARBOHYDRATES & SUGARS

Monosaccharides
1. reducing sugars
2. Properties
  1. sweet tasting
  2. soluble
3. Benedict's Test
  1. forms red precipitate of Copper (I) Oxide
4. GLUCOSE
  1. 2 isomers
    1. Beta: Hydroxyl group at top
      1. TIP: "It's Better so it's at the top"
    2. Alpha: Hydoxyl group at bottom
5. FRUCTOSE
6. GALACTOSE
Disaccharides
1. MALTOSE glucose + glucose
2. SUCROSE fructose + glucose
3. LACTOSE galactose + glucose
Polysaccharides
1. GLYCOGEN
  1. storage in animals
    1. very compact
  2. chain of alpha glucose joined by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
    1. branched
      1. fast at hydrolysis to form glucose for respiration
2. CELLULOSE
  1. plant cell walls
    1. extremely strong
      1. microfibrils - chains of cellulose held together by hydrogen bonds
  2. long unbranched beta glucose chain joined with beta 1,4 glycosidic bonds
3. STARCH
  1. storage in plants
  2. AMYLOPECTIN
    1. branched
      1. easily hydrolysed to provide glucose for respiration
    2. glucoses joined by alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds and branches of alpha 1,6 glycosidic bonds
  3. stains deep blue in iodine
  4. AMYLOSE
    1. glucoses joined by alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds
    2. forms alpha glucose helix
      1. 300 glucoses per helix and 6 per turn
      2. very compact
4. all insoluble
5. polymer
HYDROLYSIS & CONDENSATION
1. Splitting apart by putting in water
2. 'Gluing' together, water being a by-product

CARBOHYDRATES & SUGARS

	Created by Eleanor H almost 9 years ago