4268889
Description
Mind Map by DamieRoyle 1, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by DamieRoyle 1
over 8 years ago
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Marine Ecosystems and Biodiversity
- Ecosystem
- Definition
- A community of
interdependent
organisms and
the physical
environment they
inhabit (biotic
and abiotic)
- Biotic
- Living portion of the organism's environment
- Plants
- Bacteria
- Plants
- Living portion of the organism's environment
- Abiotic
- Physical, or nonliving, environment in
which an organism lives
- Temperature
- pH
- Light
- Temperature
- Physical, or nonliving, environment in
which an organism lives
- Biotic
- A community of
interdependent
organisms and
the physical
environment they
inhabit (biotic
and abiotic)
- Examples
- Mangrove Forest
- Rocky Shore
- Coral Reef
- Mangrove Forest
- Habitat
- The place where organisms live
- The area surrounding
hydrothermal vent provides a
habitat for species of tube worms
- The area surrounding
hydrothermal vent provides a
habitat for species of tube worms
- The place where organisms live
- Population
- All of the organisms of the
same species living in the
same area
- A population of ghost crabs living
on a sandy shore
- A population of ghost crabs living
on a sandy shore
- All of the organisms of the
same species living in the
same area
- Community
- All the different
species living in a
habitat at the same
time
- The mollusc community of a rocky shore, which would
include all the different species of mollusc's living in this
habitat
- The mollusc community of a rocky shore, which would
include all the different species of mollusc's living in this
habitat
- All the different
species living in a
habitat at the same
time
- Definition
- Biodiversity
- Definition
- Takes into account the
numbers of different species
present and the range of
habitats and ecosystems
- Takes into account the
numbers of different species
present and the range of
habitats and ecosystems
- Coral reefs have high
biodiversity with
many species present
- Sandy shores have a low biodiversity with
relativly few different species present
- Ecological niche
- The role of an organism within an
ecosystem
- The niche of a great white
shark is the top predator.
- Two species cannot have the same
role as one will outcompete the
other
- The role of an organism within an
ecosystem
- Interrelationships
- Symbiosis/Mutalism
- "Sym" together "bio" life...
An ecological relationship
between orgainsms of two
different species that live
together in direct contact
where both benefit in
someway
- Corals and zooxanthellae
- Coral receives
- Oxygen and
other nutrients
- Enhanced calcification
- Colouration
- Oxygen and
other nutrients
- Algae Receives
- Carbon dioxide and other substances that the algae needs for photosynthesis
- Protection
- Carbon dioxide and other substances that the algae needs for photosynthesis
- Coral receives
- "Sym" together "bio" life...
An ecological relationship
between orgainsms of two
different species that live
together in direct contact
where both benefit in
someway
- Commensalism
- Interaction between two different species in which one species benefits while the other is unaffected
- Remora on a shark
- Remora on a shark
- Interaction between two different species in which one species benefits while the other is unaffected
- Parasitism
- Interaction between two different
species where one organism
benefits (parasite) while the other is
harmed (host)
- Ectoparasites
- Live on the outside of the host
- Fish and lice
- Fish and lice
- Live on the outside of the host
- Endoparasites
- Live in their host, often in the digestive
tract, gills or muscle tissue
- Tapeworms and roundworms
- Tuna and nematodes (round worm)
- Tuna and nematodes (round worm)
- Tapeworms and roundworms
- Live in their host, often in the digestive
tract, gills or muscle tissue
- Ectoparasites
- Interaction between two different
species where one organism
benefits (parasite) while the other is
harmed (host)
- Symbiosis/Mutalism
- High biodiversity
- Has many species within one area
- Each species usually has a more narrow niche which helps
reduce overlap of roles between species and thus reduce
competition
- These ecosystems tend to be in area with high productivity
- Corals reefs
- Has many species within one area
- Low biodiversity
- Unstable and exteme habitats tend to
have low biodiversity
- Physical factors tend to
change more here
- Survival is more difficult
- Sandy shores
- Unstable and exteme habitats tend to
have low biodiversity
- R-Species
- Most fish that try to populate quickly
- Prefer unstable, changing enviroments
- Called opportunists
- Prefer survival at low population densities
- Most fish that try to populate quickly
- K-Species
- Most marine animals
- Prefer stable and unchanging enviroments
- Most marine animals
- Definition
- Food Webs/Chains
- Producers
- organisms that use
photosynthesis or
chemosynthesis
- Algae or bacteria
- Algae or bacteria
- An organism that
obtains organic food
molecules without eating
other organisms but by
using energy from the
sun or inorganic
molecules
- Autotroph "self" + "feed"
- Autotroph "self" + "feed"
- organisms that use
photosynthesis or
chemosynthesis
- Consumer
- An organism that obtains its
nutrition by feeding on other
organisms
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Quaternary
- An organism that obtains its
nutrition by feeding on other
organisms
- Producers
- Predator - Prey
- Predator
- An organism that cathes, kills and eats
another animal to obtain energy and
nutrients
- An organism that cathes, kills and eats
another animal to obtain energy and
nutrients
- Prey
- That organism hunted or eaten for food by another
- That organism hunted or eaten for food by another
- Adaption
- Camouflage
- Spines
- Chemical deterrents
- Camouflage
- Shoaling
- A large number of fish of
the same species and
approximately the same
size/age grouped together
for social reasons
- Feeding
- Better foraging so less time wasted looking for food
- Better foraging so less time wasted looking for food
- Increased hydrodynamic efficiency
- Save energy swimming in coordinated way
- Save energy swimming in coordinated way
- Reproduction
- Increased chances of finding a mate and eggs and sperm are in close proximity for fertilisation
- Increased chances of finding a mate and eggs and sperm are in close proximity for fertilisation
- Avoiding predators
- Large shoals confuse predators, it is difficult for
them to focus on one individual, also more eyes to
spot predators
- Large shoals confuse predators, it is difficult for
them to focus on one individual, also more eyes to
spot predators
- Tuna
- Sardines
- A large number of fish of
the same species and
approximately the same
size/age grouped together
for social reasons
- Predator
- Succession
- The gradual process of change that
occurs in the community structure
over a period of time
- Tevnia
- One of the first organisms to
appear within a year is the tube
worm tevnia
- One of the first organisms to
appear within a year is the tube
worm tevnia
- Riftia
- A giant tubeworm, which can grow up to
2m long in dense colonies
- A giant tubeworm, which can grow up to
2m long in dense colonies
- Primary
- Succession that occurs after the creation of a
"blank slate" either through catastrophic
disturbance oir creation of new land
- Succession that occurs after the creation of a
"blank slate" either through catastrophic
disturbance oir creation of new land
- Secondary
- Succession that occurs after non-catastropic distrubance
- Fire
- Hurricane
- Fire
- Succession that occurs after non-catastropic distrubance
- The gradual process of change that
occurs in the community structure
over a period of time
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