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BAT DIVERSITY 1
- The Adaptive Radiation of Bats
- the diversification of
bats into forms filling
different ecological
niches
- the diversification of
bats into forms filling
different ecological
niches
- The Bumblebee Bat
- - Discovered 1989 Thailand -
1.5-2g: similar to the size of
Etruscan Shrew - By time of
discovery most habitat
destroyed - Happens often:
new species discovered when
already rare - BUT new pops
now being found in SE Asia
- SMALLEST BAT
- SMALLEST BAT
- - Discovered 1989 Thailand -
1.5-2g: similar to the size of
Etruscan Shrew - By time of
discovery most habitat
destroyed - Happens often:
new species discovered when
already rare - BUT new pops
now being found in SE Asia
- Grey Headed Flying Fox &
Marianna Fruit Bat
- - Wing span: 1.5m-2m - Flying foxes weigh up to
1kg
- LARGEST BATS
- LARGEST BATS
- - Wing span: 1.5m-2m - Flying foxes weigh up to
1kg
- MAMMALS
- - Furred
- Live Young
- Suckle
- - Furred
- Live Young
- Suckle
- Colour: bats can be colourful even though they are
nocturnal
- African Yellow-Winged Bat:
wings coloured for camouflage,
as this bat roost out in the open,
it makes the bat appear like a
leaf
- Colour vision present in some bats: especially the fruit eaters
- - Study showed both M/L and S Opsin (colour vision) genes both present + functional in FISCHERS
PYGMY FRUIT BAT, RYUKYU FLYING FOX (frugivorous megabats) and CAVE MYOTIS
(insectivorous microbat) - S opsin may be sensitive to UV, which is more abundant at dawn and at
dusk. - The M/L opsin is sensitive to red and may be helpful for identifying fruits among leaves . -
FISCHERS PYGMY FRUIT BAT has a recent duplication of the M/L opsin gene which was the only
known case of opsin gene duplication in non-primate mammals
- UV Vision: flowers reflect UV and Nectar-eating bats are able to see in
UV spectrum e.g. Pallas's Long-Tounged Bat - UV captured by
Rhodopsin (rod pigment) new mechanism of UV vision
- - Study showed both M/L and S Opsin (colour vision) genes both present + functional in FISCHERS
PYGMY FRUIT BAT, RYUKYU FLYING FOX (frugivorous megabats) and CAVE MYOTIS
(insectivorous microbat) - S opsin may be sensitive to UV, which is more abundant at dawn and at
dusk. - The M/L opsin is sensitive to red and may be helpful for identifying fruits among leaves . -
FISCHERS PYGMY FRUIT BAT has a recent duplication of the M/L opsin gene which was the only
known case of opsin gene duplication in non-primate mammals
- African Yellow-Winged Bat:
wings coloured for camouflage,
as this bat roost out in the open,
it makes the bat appear like a
leaf
- FACES
- Functionally important
- Leaf-Nosed Bat: cones concentrate the echo which save energy
- Horseshoe Bats: accoustic lens, the spike is used for
processing of the echo, different shapes are seen in
different species e.g Tomes Big Eared, these bats have
tuned their morphology to how they echolocate
- Ghost Faced Bat: echolocates through the nose,
unusual nose shapes, uses them to conc the energy of
the echo making echolocation more efficient
- Leaf-Nosed Bat: cones concentrate the echo which save energy
- Most bats which echolocate through the mouth have SIMPLE noses
- Passive Hearing
- Listening to the movement of the
prey, usually bats who do this have big
ears
- Listening to the movement of the
prey, usually bats who do this have big
ears
- Funnel Eared Bats: have small eyes and large ears, they are aerial
insectivores, fringed tail membrane has tactile function in sweeping insects
from flat surfaces: also uses GLEANING, gleaning bats usually use EL for
orientation in spcae and the other sensory cues for prey detection
- Crests: sexual attraction - visual cues for selection as well as the
production of pheromones (e.g. Chapin's Free-Tailed Bat)
- Crested Free-Tailed Bat: can fold back the crest during flight, aerodynamic - cartilaginous ears which
are stiff (unusual), sexual display
- Crested Free-Tailed Bat: can fold back the crest during flight, aerodynamic - cartilaginous ears which
are stiff (unusual), sexual display
- Functionally important
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