Thermoregulation

Description

Degree Veterinary medicine (POS) Mind Map on Thermoregulation, created by Joanne Wills on 16/02/2016.
Joanne Wills
Mind Map by Joanne Wills, updated more than 1 year ago
Joanne Wills
Created by Joanne Wills over 8 years ago
139
3

Resource summary

Thermoregulation
  1. Poikilotherm
    1. temperature same as environment
      1. ectotherm
        1. invertebrates, fish, amphibia, reptiles
        2. Homeotherm
          1. endotherm
            1. maintain body temperature regardless of environment
              1. requires high metabolic rate
                1. mammals, birds
                2. Heat production
                  1. increased metabolism
                    1. muscle contraction
                      1. shivering
                        1. exercise
                        2. non-shivering thermogenesis
                        3. Heat loss
                          1. non-evaporative heat transfer to environment
                            1. convection
                              1. conduction
                                1. radiation
                                2. evaporative heat loss
                                  1. from body surface and respiratory system
                                3. Factors affecting heat exchange
                                  1. physical
                                    1. weather, size/shape, insulation, colour, peripheral blood flow
                                    2. behavioural
                                      1. too hot
                                        1. avoid sun

                                          Annotations:

                                          • seek shade, burrow
                                          1. increase evaporative heat loss

                                            Annotations:

                                            • wallow, spray, lick fur
                                            1. increase non-evaporative heat loss

                                              Annotations:

                                              • postural changes - spread out to increase surface area
                                            2. too cold
                                              1. reduce sensible heat loss
                                                1. shelter
                                                  1. huddle
                                                    1. freeze

                                                      Annotations:

                                                      • avoids water penetration 
                                                2. Piloerection
                                                  1. cold
                                                    1. maximum boundary layer
                                                      1. increased insulation
                                                      2. hot
                                                        1. reduced boundary layer
                                                          1. decreased insulation
                                                          2. controlled by sympathetic innervation
                                                          3. Sweat glands
                                                            1. evaporative heat loss
                                                              1. secretion controlled by sympathetic innervation
                                                                1. contents

                                                                  Annotations:

                                                                  • water, urea, lactic acid, sodium, potassium, sometimes protein herbivores preferentially lose potassium so conserves water loss
                                                                2. HYPOTHERMIA
                                                                  1. heat loss exceeds capacity for heat production
                                                                    1. temperature drops

                                                                      Annotations:

                                                                      • reduced CO and BP, decreased oxygen consumption, increased blood viscosity, reduced mental abilities, lose consciousness 
                                                                    2. HYPERTHERMIA
                                                                      1. heat production exceeds ability to lose heat
                                                                        1. excess water and salt loss
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