The carbon atoms are
numbered going in a
clockwise direction
starting from this
one.
This is showing
alpha glucose to
make beta just
swap the o and oh
on this carbon
around
Where is it found?
It is found in the small intestine after
digestion and inside cells before
respiration.
Uses
It is the only fuel used by our nervous
system and is used to produce ATP
Maltose is made by removing an H and OH from carbon
atoms 4 and 1 respectively. This happens when two
glucose molecules are joined together. It forms an alpha
1-4 glycosidic bond
Tests for sugars
Reducing sugars you
boil with benedicts
solution. This is called
the benedicts test. If it
goes from blue to
brick red then there is
a reducing sugar in it.
Test for nonreducing sugars is
to boil with HCL and then
neutralise with sodium
hydrogen carbonate followed
by a benedicts test shown to
the right of here.
Lactose is made of galactose
and glucose. Sucrose is made
from glucose and fructose.
Starch is made from amylopectin and amylose.
Amylopectin is made from alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6
glycosidic bonds. This causes it to he branched.
Amylose is made up of alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds so
it is not branched. Glycogen is the same as
amylopectin but has more 1-6 bonds so are more
branched.
Cellulose is made up of
of many beta glucose
molecules bonded
together using beta 1-4
glycosidic bonds.