5512012
Description
Mind Map by Diana Michalevitsh, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Diana Michalevitsh
over 8 years ago
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Ecosystems - Living World
- Biomes
- Large scale of an ecosystem
- Vegetation levels in Rainforest
- Shrub Layer
- Under Canopy
- Canopy
- Emergents
- Emergents
- Canopy
- Under Canopy
- Shrub Layer
- Eco system- where all living and non living
things live in harmony together in an area
- Decomposer - organism that gets its
energy from dead material, fungi,
bacteria, dead leaves and dead consumers
and producers
- Large scale of an ecosystem
- CASE STUDY - Temperate Deciduous Forest EPPING FOREST
- East Essex - north of London
- 70% is TDF
- strecthes over 6000 Acres
- strecthes over 6000 Acres
- Used as a royal hunting ground
- Musrum, golf, cycling,
historical buildings, fishing
etc.
- Musrum, golf, cycling,
historical buildings, fishing
etc.
- 1878, Act of Parliment "Epping Forest act" Giving city of
London ownership of and care of Epping Forest
- Pollarding
- Top branches of trees cut off, so new
shoots would grow and not topple and die
when they become too heavy
- Top branches of trees cut off, so new
shoots would grow and not topple and die
when they become too heavy
- Carefully monitoring the Forest and
making sure that there are no
problems
- East Essex - north of London
- TROPICAL RAINFORESTS
- Plant Adaptations
- Fan Palms- good for
catching sunlight
and water
- Lianas- woody
vines at ground
level
- thick, waxy leaves for
heavy rainfall with
pointed tips so the
water can run off them
- Big Buttress roots - tall trees-
this is to support the very
heavy trees in shallow soil
- Climbing plants-
Lianas , climb up
tree to get light
- The trees are deciduous , so
they drop their leaves in
drier periods, to reduce
water loss
- STRANGLER FIGS
- Fan Palms- good for
catching sunlight
and water
- Deforestation
- Farming
- Road building
- increasing
Population -
making land
- Rescources
- Commercial
Logging - felled to
make money
- Farming
- ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
- Loss of animal habitats
and lead to
endangerment of
animals and extinction
- Soil Erosion as there are no
trees to hold the soil together
- Soil washing into lakes and
rivers can kill fish, makes
water undrinkable and
flooding as rise of water levels
- Less fertile soil as there is no leave fall
from trees to provide the nutrients
- Loss of Oxygen and more CO2.
- Loss of Oxygen and more CO2.
- Less fertile soil as there is no leave fall
from trees to provide the nutrients
- Soil washing into lakes and
rivers can kill fish, makes
water undrinkable and
flooding as rise of water levels
- Soil Erosion as there are no
trees to hold the soil together
- The quality of life is improved as
there are more jobs to provide
- Livelihoods of local people
destroyed as they depend on
animals and plants and make
a living
- Some native tribes have
been forced to move as
their land has been cleared
- Conflict of local people, native people ,
mining compaines and logging
companies
- Conflict of local people, native people ,
mining compaines and logging
companies
- Some native tribes have
been forced to move as
their land has been cleared
- Livelihoods of local people
destroyed as they depend on
animals and plants and make
a living
- Loss of animal habitats
and lead to
endangerment of
animals and extinction
- SUSTAINABLE MANAGMENT
- Selective Logging
- Only some trees like the older ones
are felled, most trees are left
standing. This is less damaging to
the forest. doesnt leave soil exposed.
Left to regenerate so it can be used
in the future
- Only some trees like the older ones
are felled, most trees are left
standing. This is less damaging to
the forest. doesnt leave soil exposed.
Left to regenerate so it can be used
in the future
- Replanting
- New trees are planted.
more trees used for
the future
- Environmental laws-
when companies log
the area they have to
replant them
- Environmental laws-
when companies log
the area they have to
replant them
- New trees are planted.
more trees used for
the future
- Education
- Some local people do not
know the environmental
impacts of deforesation
- Alternate ways to make
money that do not damage
the environment
- Alternate ways to make
money that do not damage
the environment
- Some local people do not
know the environmental
impacts of deforesation
- Reducing demand for Hardwood
- Some richer countries are trying to
reduce the demand so fewer of
these tree species are cut down.
- Some richer countries are trying to
reduce the demand so fewer of
these tree species are cut down.
- ECO TOURISM
- Eco tourism is tourism that does not harm the
environment and benefits the local people
- provides income for local people so they do not have to
harm the enviorment to gain money
- provides income for local people so they do not have to
harm the enviorment to gain money
- Small scale activity , which keeps the environment
impact of tourism low
- Eco tourism is tourism that does not harm the
environment and benefits the local people
- Protection
- Make logging illegal on some trees, make logging illegal
- Set up natural parks
and natural reserves
whithin rainforests
- Make logging illegal on some trees, make logging illegal
- Selective Logging
- Plant Adaptations
- CASE STUDY - AMAZON RAINFOREST
- Covers around 8 million km 3
including Brazil, Peru, columbia etc.
Since 1970 around 600,000 km3 has
been destroyed by deforesation
- 60% - cattle ranching
- 33% small scale farming
- 3% Logging
- 3% Logging
- 33% small scale farming
- Biotic- living things of an enviornment
- Abiotic - non living things-
temperature, weather , water,
soil type
- Fertile Soil, that makes farming
possible is lost when trees are cleared
- Covers around 8 million km 3
including Brazil, Peru, columbia etc.
Since 1970 around 600,000 km3 has
been destroyed by deforesation
- CASE STUDY- SAHARA DESERT
(LEDC)
- North of Africa - Tropic of
Cancer- Near middle of
Algeria and Sahel
- Largest desert covering 9 million
Km3.
- High pressure- creating cloud
free environment
- Plant Adaptation-
- Thick fleshy leaves
to store water
- Cactus, Succulents that store
and hold water in leaves, stems and roots
- LONG roots to get as
much water in the soil
- Short life cycles- a seed will
remain dormant until rain
comes to conserve its energy
- Reduced leaves
- Thick fleshy leaves
to store water
- North of Africa - Tropic of
Cancer- Near middle of
Algeria and Sahel
- Austrailian Outback
- Vegetation is very dry and spiky
- Soil- Sandy and gravelly in texture , cracked
- would be fairly moist
throughout the year and
very dry as there is a lot of
rain however high
temperature
- would be fairly moist
throughout the year and
very dry as there is a lot of
rain however high
temperature
- Cactuses, succulents
- Cactuses can survive years without water because they
collect so much from the rain by their spikes
- Cactuses can survive years without water because they
collect so much from the rain by their spikes
- The outback can be so hot
and dry at times that sudden
wild bush fires can start and
destroy the vegetation and
homes of the wildlife
- Vegetation is very dry and spiky
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