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58410
MAjor Depressive Disorder
Description
Biological (Depression & Schizophrenia) Mind Map on MAjor Depressive Disorder, created by n.c.wetmore on 26/04/2013.
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biological
depression & schizophrenia
biological
depression & schizophrenia
Mind Map by
n.c.wetmore
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
n.c.wetmore
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
MAjor Depressive Disorder
Genetics
no genes have been linked to depression
CAMP ET AL 2005
Pairing together 2 diff syndromes
early on-set depression - high probability of other relatives with depression
BIERUT ET AL 1999
aswell as anxiety disorders, attention-deficit disorder, alcohol abuse
late on-set have high probability of relatives with circulatory problems
effect of gene varies with environment
one controls serotonin transporter
Protein regulates ability of axons to reabsorb serotonin after release, to recycle for further use
short and long type (no replications been found)
short type - increase in stressful experiences led to big increase in depression
long type - stress events only slightly increased risk of depression
1 long 1 short - were intermediate
short form of gene alone didn't lead to depression but might magnify reaction to stressful events
CASPIT ET AL 2003
if a study finds no significant correlation between 2 variables, perhaps 1 or both of variables was poorly measured
measurement of depression are good but problems with measurement of stress
some events will be more stressful for some people than they are for others.
WRAY ET AL 2009
Other Bio Influence
viral infections
Borna disease
viral infection of fair animals, produces periods of frantic activity alternating with periods of inactivity
1985, tested 370 people for exposure
AMSTERDAM ET AL 1985
12 Bornea and depression
5% normal people and 1/3 those with depression or schizo
e predisposing factor in some cases
Hormones
stress is important & increases cortisol
20% women report postpartum depression
suspect hormonal fluctuations are contributing factor
stress hormones reach peak late in preg and ovarian hormones change during delivery
after drug-induced drop in estradiol and progesterone levels, women with history of PPD suddenly show new symptoms of dep
BLOCK ET AL 2000
declining level of hormone testosterone assoc. with increased prob of sep
few studies have links hormones to dep & rship remains uncertain
Abnormalities of Hemispheric Dominance
normal people found strong rship between happy mood and increased activity in left prefrontal cortex
JACOBS & SNYDER 1996
Dep people decreased activity in left and increased activity in right prefrontal cortex
this imbalance is stable over years despite changes in symptoms of depression
Most people gaze to the right during verbal tasks but dep gaze left showing right-hemisphere dominance
LENHART & KATKIN 1986
people with major depression feel sad, helpless everyday for weeks at a time
feel worthless have little energy
absence of happiness is more reliable symptom than increased sadness
decreased response to happy facial expressions and decreased response to a likely reward
MONK ET AL 2009
standards for diagnosis vary - no lab tests to confirm diagnosis to stats vary
depression in childhood is equal for boys and girls
14+ its more common in females
TWENGE & NOLEN-HOCKSEMA 2002
Most people suffer from episodes separated by periods of normal moods.
rat episode is longest and triggered by an event
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