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Pulmonary Alterations

PaCO2 concentrations
1. Hypoventilation
  1. Hypercapnia (paCO2 >45)
    1. Resp. acidosis
2. Hyperventilation
  1. Hypocapnia (PaCO2 <35)
    1. Resp. alkalosis
PaO2 concentrations
1. Hypoxemia
  1. Hypoxia
2. Hyperoxemia
Chest Wall and Pleura Disorders
1. Chest wall restrictions
  1. Kyphosis
  2. Flail chest
2. Pleural wall abnorms
  1. Hemo/pneumothorax (blood/air in pleural space)
    1. Primary/spontaneuos
    2. Secondary/traumatic
  2. Pleural effusion (fluid in pleural space)
    1. Transudative (watery)
    2. Exudative (WBCs/plasma)
    3. Empyema (pus)
Pulm Vascular Disease
1. Pulm. Embolism (high V/Q)
  1. Resp. compromise
  2. Hemodynamic compromise
2. Pulm. HTN
  1. Primary idiopathic
  2. Secondary/chronic alveolar hypoxia
3. Cor Pulmonale
Obstructive Disorders
1. COPD
  1. Emphysema
  2. Chronic bronchitis (low V/Q)
2. Asthma (low V/Q)
  1. Atopic/allergic
  2. Non-atopic
Pulm Edema
1. Cardiogenic
  1. Increased hydrostatic pressure
    1. L-sided heart failure
  2. Decreased oncotic pressure
    1. Hypoalbumenia
    2. Nephrotic syndrome or liver disease
2. Noncardiogenic
  1. Increased capillary permeability
ARDS (v. low V/Q/shunt)
1. MODS
Restrictive Disorders
1. Aspiration
2. Bronchiolitis
3. Fibrosis
  1. viral
4. Atelectasis (v. low V/Q/shunt)
  1. Compression
  2. Absorption/Resorption
  3. Surfactant Impairment
  4. Contraction
Infections
1. URI
  1. Cold
  2. Sinus inf.
  3. Pharyngitis
    1. Strep pyrogenes
      1. Rheumatic heart disease
  4. Influenza
2. Lower resp.
  1. Pneumonia (v. low V/Q/shunt)
  2. TB

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Pulmonary Alterations

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	Created by Emma Prasher over 8 years ago