6226390
How and why are enzymes being
used in cleaning industry to remove
stains at lower temperature?
- HOW?
- To remove the stains, each enzyme
has to attach to its specific
substrate and under the particular
condition. Also, the combination of
different types of enzymes makes a
better effort. ("Enzyme Science,"
n.d.)
- ENZYMES
- Protease
- Protease digests proteins which processes hydrolysis
reaction to break the peptide bonds and thus the
proteins turn into soluble amino acids or smaller
peptides (D. Kumar, Savitri , N. Thakur, R. Verma and
T. C. Bhalla, 2008).
- In the cleaning industry, proteases are always
seem as the main ingredients in the detergents.
Base on the proteases' charecteristic that they
break proteins into smaller molecules, the
protein-related stains like food and blood could
be easily removed and are wide-used on
cleaning the basic stains. ("Enzyme Science,"
n.d.)
- In the cleaning industry, proteases are always
seem as the main ingredients in the detergents.
Base on the proteases' charecteristic that they
break proteins into smaller molecules, the
protein-related stains like food and blood could
be easily removed and are wide-used on
cleaning the basic stains. ("Enzyme Science,"
n.d.)
- NO8. The main function
this protein does.
- Protease digests proteins which processes hydrolysis
reaction to break the peptide bonds and thus the
proteins turn into soluble amino acids or smaller
peptides (D. Kumar, Savitri , N. Thakur, R. Verma and
T. C. Bhalla, 2008).
- Amylase
- Amylases accelerate the hydrolysis reaction in
polysaccharide like starch to break the glycosidic
bonds and form the monomers. There is a kind of
amylases called a-amylases which stimulate the
breaking process of the starch chains and result in
the products of the short chain molecules,
oligosaccharides and dextrins, which could be
soluble in water. ( Jain, 2009)
- In the composition of the enzyme-involved
detergents, the vast majority of the liquid
detergents are amylases, which is utilized
secondly in the detergent ingredients. Due to
their properties of decomposing the
long-chained carbohydrates into shorter chain
molecules, amylases are able to apply in the
fields of clothe cleaning and dishwashing,
especially the stains made by potatoes,
chocolate which full of starch. (Souza & Oliveira
Magalhães, 2010)
- NO9. The further
information about this
enzyme in the cleaning
industry.
- In the composition of the enzyme-involved
detergents, the vast majority of the liquid
detergents are amylases, which is utilized
secondly in the detergent ingredients. Due to
their properties of decomposing the
long-chained carbohydrates into shorter chain
molecules, amylases are able to apply in the
fields of clothe cleaning and dishwashing,
especially the stains made by potatoes,
chocolate which full of starch. (Souza & Oliveira
Magalhães, 2010)
- Amylases accelerate the hydrolysis reaction in
polysaccharide like starch to break the glycosidic
bonds and form the monomers. There is a kind of
amylases called a-amylases which stimulate the
breaking process of the starch chains and result in
the products of the short chain molecules,
oligosaccharides and dextrins, which could be
soluble in water. ( Jain, 2009)
- Cellulase
- Cellulases mainly target on cellulose
fibres. They gradually break down the
cellulose and derive glucose, which
makes it easy to clean. (Caparrós,
Lant, Smets & Cavaco-Paulo, 2012)
- Cellulases have been used as
the ingredients of washing
cotton fabrics in recent years
because it could substitute for
the traditional chemicals which
are rough. In the cleaning
process, the small fibres are
removed by the cellulases, and
during the process there is no
harm on the main cloth.
(Caparrós, Lant, Smets &
Cavaco-Paulo, 2012)
- Cellulases have been used as
the ingredients of washing
cotton fabrics in recent years
because it could substitute for
the traditional chemicals which
are rough. In the cleaning
process, the small fibres are
removed by the cellulases, and
during the process there is no
harm on the main cloth.
(Caparrós, Lant, Smets &
Cavaco-Paulo, 2012)
- Cellulases mainly target on cellulose
fibres. They gradually break down the
cellulose and derive glucose, which
makes it easy to clean. (Caparrós,
Lant, Smets & Cavaco-Paulo, 2012)
- Lipase
- Lipases improve the rate of
decomposing the lipids and turn
them into fatty acids and glycerol.
("Enzyme Science," n.d.)
- Lipases in cleaning detergents remove the
stains caused by lipstick, oil, and other non
polar oil and fat. ("Enzyme Science," n.d.)
They are being important in industrial
purpose in recent years since people
discovered the cold active lipases which
effectively react and catalyze under low
temperature. (Hasan, Shah, Javed & Hameed,
2010)
- Lipases in cleaning detergents remove the
stains caused by lipstick, oil, and other non
polar oil and fat. ("Enzyme Science," n.d.)
They are being important in industrial
purpose in recent years since people
discovered the cold active lipases which
effectively react and catalyze under low
temperature. (Hasan, Shah, Javed & Hameed,
2010)
- Lipases improve the rate of
decomposing the lipids and turn
them into fatty acids and glycerol.
("Enzyme Science," n.d.)
- NO7. This is a normal
enzyme which could
always seen in the
detergents.
- NO10. Lipase is a special
enzyme that has been
discovered recently for its
advantages.
- Protease
- ENZYMES
- NO6. A brief introduction
about how enzyme
remove stains.
- To remove the stains, each enzyme
has to attach to its specific
substrate and under the particular
condition. Also, the combination of
different types of enzymes makes a
better effort. ("Enzyme Science,"
n.d.)
- WHY?
- In the process of cleaning, there are two
main ingredients included, surfactant
and builder. (Cameron, 2011)
- Surfactant functions to weaken the
surface tension of the water and
discards the soil.(Cameron, 2011) It is
like a phosphate lipid which have a
hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end.
As the hydrophobic end surrounds the
soil, it will be removed from the
surface.
- Builder helps the surfactant to function
properly by deactivating the hardness
minerals and thus soften the hardness
water. (Cameron, 2011)
- Using phosphate as a builder had
decreased as it polluted the lakes and
the nature water, although it has
greater effect than using other
compounds. (Cameron, 2011)
- NO1. The example used before
enzymes and it is a type of builder
that is rarely used.
- Using phosphate as a builder had
decreased as it polluted the lakes and
the nature water, although it has
greater effect than using other
compounds. (Cameron, 2011)
- Surfactant functions to weaken the
surface tension of the water and
discards the soil.(Cameron, 2011) It is
like a phosphate lipid which have a
hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end.
As the hydrophobic end surrounds the
soil, it will be removed from the
surface.
- ENZYME CHARACTERISTIC: Enzyme is a kind of
protein which catalyze the reaction and is
reusable without being consumed. Thus,
decrease the needed time to active the
reaction. Each enzyme functions on specific
substrate so it could be design to function on
the target substrate. (DeSantis, 1983)
- Higher yields: To have higher yields, it is a
benefit to use enzyme in such highly
demanded industry as small quantities of
enzyme can function well, contrast to the
traditional ingredients that need large of
the chemicals. ("Enzyme Science," n.d.)
- Oxidative stability: Enzyme
has its oxidative stability to
prevent being oxidized in
water which is extremely
oxidizing. (Souza & Oliveira
Magalhães, 2010)
- Benefit: Using enzymes in cleaning industry
has benefits to the environment. They
could decline the use of energy by
shortening the washing time, so as the
temperature and the amounts of water
used. (Olsen & Falholt, 1998)
- NO3. It is the main idea why
enzymes will be used in industry.
- Higher yields: To have higher yields, it is a
benefit to use enzyme in such highly
demanded industry as small quantities of
enzyme can function well, contrast to the
traditional ingredients that need large of
the chemicals. ("Enzyme Science," n.d.)
- NO2. To introduce some basic
knowledge about the enzyme.
- In the process of cleaning, there are two
main ingredients included, surfactant
and builder. (Cameron, 2011)
- PROBLEM
- 1. It is first found that the detergent
industry causes problem on enzyme
allergy. And it has tested on the
workers and showed sensitive
reaction to enzyme. (Vanhanen et al.,
2000)
- NO4. It is the solution to
problem 1.
- 1. Discovering new kinds of enzyme,
such as lipase, and applies it into the
detergents industry. (Vanhanen et al.,
2000)
- NO4. It is the solution to
problem 1.
- 2. The cellulase, lipase and
protease will not only cause the
workers occupational asthma but
also the consumers. (Brant et al.,
2004)
- NO5. It is the solution to
problem 2.
- 2. The companies changed the processes of
manufacturing the enzymes, also they
compressed and packed the enzymes. (Brant
et al., 2004)
- NO5. It is the solution to
problem 2.
- 1. It is first found that the detergent
industry causes problem on enzyme
allergy. And it has tested on the
workers and showed sensitive
reaction to enzyme. (Vanhanen et al.,
2000)
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