This is when processes that are happening now are used to find out the
past
for example: transport in water leads to rounded pebbles. So if we
found a bed of rounded pebbles we would know there was a river
there
Catastrophism
Geological Processes that happen over very short periods of time.
For example: Volcanism Meteorite, Impacts, Earthquakes
Gradualism
Geological Processes that happen over very long periods of
time. Erosion Oceans getting wider Mountain Building
Forming
Minerals
From the Crystallisation from
magma or lava Igneous Minerals
inside a lava flow or batholith
Quartz, Mica, Feldspar
From Precipitation from water as it
dribbles through gaps in rocks Limescale
on your kettle or a stalactite or binding a
sandstone
Calcite
From the crystallisation from hydrothermal
fluids that travel through faults -
weaknesses = veins Like the setting of a
Jelly as it cools.
Galena,
Haematite
Some Recrystallise in the formation of a
metamorphic rock At a destructive
Continental-Continental collision
Calcite, Garnet
Some Crystallise from evaporating sea-water
Imagine you are at the beach and just been
for a swim As you dry naturally, you have a
thin layer of salt on you
Halite
predicting volcanoes
gas emissions- magma is
moving around underground
releasing gas
ground temperature-
magma is moving
underground
acidity level in streams-
Sulphur is being released
as magma is moving
around.
Bulges on volcano side-
Magma is moving up to
surface
Magmatic Quakes- Magma
moving around cracking rocks
to create space