Cooling of Magma in the
air outside of a volcano quickley
Features
Has Holes
Examples
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Formed for Igneous or
Sedimentary through heat or
pressure
Crystals
Large
From over a long period
of time
Small
Forming over a short
period of time
Stratagraphic formations
Intrusions
Nonconformity
Where metamorphic rocks get piled
with layers of sediment
Disconformity
Sequence of sedimentary rocks which
form an intrusion over it with more
sediments
Angular
Unconformity
Where a tilted layer of sedimentary rock get
piled with more sedimentary rocks
Inclusions
A solid, liquid or gaseous
foriegn body enclosed in a
mineral or rock
Faults
Transform Faults
When rocks move
sideways along
eachother
Normal Fault
Where rocks rubb against
eachother up and down and
away from eachother
Reverse Faults
Rubbed against each
other diagonally
7 Principles of Geology
1- Principle of Uniformitarianism
Geological processes which have
modified the crust now have woked
in the same way over geological time
2-Principle of Intrusive relationships
When an igneous rocks cuts into a
formation of sedimentary rocks it
(intrusion)can be determined that
the intrusion is younger than the
sedimentary rocks
3- Principle of cross cutting relationships
Faults are younger than the
rocks they cut
4- Principle of inclusion and components
If Sedimentary inclusions are found
in a formation it must be older than
the formation that contains them
5- Principle of original horizontality
States that deposition of
sediments occour as horizontal
beds
6- The principle of superposition
States that a sedimentary layer of
rock, in a tectonically undisturbed area
is younger than the one beneath it
7- The principle of faunal succession
Is based on the appearance of fossils in a
sedimentary rocks, this can provide a relative age
for the formation