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7400776
London Docklands Regeneration
Description
Summary of the London Dockland's regeneration case study
No tags specified
london dockland
changing places
human geography
case study
geography
changing places
as level
Mind Map by
Eleanor Hurst
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Eleanor Hurst
over 7 years ago
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Resource summary
London Docklands Regeneration
The Development
The London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) ran the development from 1981 to 1998
Why?
The governments response to the severe economic, physical and social damage caused by the closing of the docks
Objects/aims to secure the regeneration
Bringing land and buildings into effective use
Encouraging development of industry and commerce
Creating an attrictive environment and ensuring there is housing and social facilities
To encourage people to live and work in the area
The 4 key powers needed
Land aquisition
Power to give planning permission
Power to renew infrastructure
Channel for central government resources
Funded by a central government grant and the sales of land
Timeline of the regeneration (The 3 phases)
Phase 1- Putting it on the map (1981-1986)
Chose not to fill in the docks
Selling the area
Building the Dockland Light Railway (DLR)
Starting an infrastructure programme
Establishing a private housing market
Clinching Canary Wharf
Tense relationship with Boroughs
Phase 2- Building community infrastructure (1987-1990)
Increased spending on social housing, health, education and training
Increased community staff
Increased support for community organisations
Improved relationship with Boroughs
Continued spending on infrastructure programme
Property market falls into recession- less private investment
Phase 3- Balanced programme (1991-1998)
Substantial community programme (8000 homes refurbed)
Property market recovers
Schemes for the Royals (place) launched
Progressive withdrawal from 1994
Successes
£1.86 billion invested by the public sector
£7.7 billion invested by the private sector
144km of new and improved roads
25 million sq feet of commercial/industrial floorspace built
1884 acres of derelict land reclaimed
24,000 houses built
2,700 businesses trading
Contributions to 5 new health centres
Funding towards 16 schools of various ages
85,000 now work there
More different ways to pay for housing
Substantial benefits for local communities and residents
Created an additional 23,000 jobs
Transport developments
Extending the London Underground- the Jubiliee Line
Developing the Docklands Light Railway
New road links
London City Airport provides easy access to the city from European cities
Causes of the decline/ pre- regeneration
Counter- urbanisation
Clearance of slums and bomb damaged areas after WW2
People moved out of London to take advantage of cheaper house prices, but still commute to London for work
Became detached from the rest of London due to no transport network
De-industrialisation
In the 1980s goods produced by UK industries were more expensive than overseas making British products expensive
Rotterdam took over as Europe's largest port
Government encouraged a post-industrial economy - under Margaret Thatcher
Closing of the docks
Ships increased in size so other docks with larger water were better
Container ships and computerisation replaced the need for people to load/unload ships by hand
Economic decline caused population decline as people left to find work elsewhere
12,000 jobs lost between 1978 and 1983
Effects of the regeneration
Benefits
Economic
More high skilled jobs with higher income
One of the top financial cities in the world
Improving trade links
3 CBDs attracting investment and tourism
Gentrification
More money in the area
Longer working hours give higher wages
Social
Same amount of jobs lost were regained when new businesses moved in
Improved transport links making it easier for people to get around
Environmental
Dramatically improved infrastructure in the environment
Due to 2012 Olympics land use has changed from industrial
Increasing the environmental quality
Negatives
Economic
Surrounding areas haven't been helped economically (no spillovers)
Social
Gentrification pushed locals out of the area
House prices too high for average income earners to afford
Life expectancy drop by 9 years due to poor air quality
Drove a social wedge between Londoners due to inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth
Jobs are too high skilled so locals struggled to find new jobs
Environmental
No investment in the environment
No open spaces for people to enjoy
Poor air quality due to construction
Surrounding towns like 'Canning Town' were left derelict
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