Chapter 3: Semiotic Approaches to
Material Culture
Semiotics
Science of signs, and a
semiotic approach to
material culture regards
artifacts as signs whose
meaning and
significance have to be
determined by the use
of semiotic concepts
Studies sings in
society, it is a
social science and
explains what
signs are and how
they function
Founding
Fathers of
Semiotics
Ferdinand de Saussure
Language is a self-contained system whose
interdependent parts function and acquire value
through their relationship to the whole
concepts derive their meaning from their opposites
"Sound-image"
An object or signifier
Charles Sanders Peirce
Signs have to supply some of
the meanings. Something
which stands to somebody
for something in some
respect or capacity.
Iconic Signs
Signify by resemblance
Indexical Signs
signify by cause and effect
Symbolic signs
meaning must be learned
Nothing has meaning in itself;
an object's meaning always
derives from the network of
relations in which it is
embedded
Language
System of signs that express ideas
Semiology
Shows what constitutes a sign
Signify
Objects carry not only information, also
constitute structured systems of signs
Object
somethings used for
something, function as the
vehicle of meaning
Umberto Eco
Theory of the lie
Signs can be used to mislead others, must
always approach objects with a note of caution
Denotation
When dealing with artifacts, involves detailed
descriptions and measurements
Conotation
Involves the cultural meanings and myths connected to them