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79311
Economic Development
Description
Higher Geography (Economic Development) Mind Map on Economic Development, created by hannah.pickard on 09/05/2013.
No tags specified
economic development
geography
geography
economic development
higher
Mind Map by
hannah.pickard
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
hannah.pickard
over 11 years ago
156
5
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Resource summary
Economic Development
Indicators
Economic
GDP
Annotations:
Gross Domestic Product - the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year
GDP per capita
Annotations:
GDP divided by the population
Social
Birth and death rate
Infant mortality rate
People per doctor
Literacy rate
Access to safe water
Life expectancy
PQLI
Annotations:
Physical Quality-of-Life Index
Calorie intake
Other
HDI
Annotations:
Human Development Index - life epxectancy, adult literacy and % children in eudcation and GDp per person
Disadvantages
Affected by exchange rates
Aren't any measures for social indicators like human rights
They're averages
Annotations:
They don't show variation within a country
Factors affecting development
Environmental
Poor climate
Poor farming land
Limited water supplies
Lots of natural hazards
Few raw materials
Economic
Poor trade links
Lots of debt
Economy based on primary products
Social
Drinking water
Women in society
Child education
Aid
Money or resources given from one country to another
Gives: donor
Receives: recipient
Bilateral aid
Annotations:
directly to the recipient
can be tied
Multilateral aid
Annotations:
given through an international organisation
Short-term
Helps recipient countries cope with emergencies
immediate impact
Disadvantages
doesn't change state of development
slow reaction then it might not get where it needs to be
may not reach those who need it
Long-term
helps recipient countries to develop
improve clean water supplies
build wells
build dams
construct schools
recipients become less dependent on foreign aid
can be a while before benefits take effect
improves literacy rates
'Phantom' aid
Annotations:
where donations are exaggerated, help isn't needed or donors benefit more than the recipient.
Often 'tied'
Annotations:
recipient countires are forced to buy goods and services from donor countries
equipment can break down without help
donor countries can break promises
little spent on improving skills
replaces investment
Annotations:
this means that countries become dependent on aid
profits can go back to donor country not recipient
loans have to be payed back
Industry
4 sectors
Primary
colecting raw materials
farming
fishing
mining
environmental
reduces biodiversity
burning fossil fuels
depletes water sources
soil erosion
water pollution
oil leaks
global warming
Secondary
manufacturing
making cars
making textiles
making steel
environmental
land, air and water pollution
habitat destruction
large amounts of energy
adds to global warming
Tertiary
providing a service
financial services
retail
emergency services
environmental
uses a lot of energy
adds to global warming
Quaternary
high technology
scientific research
product development
electronics
enivronmental
uses a lot of energy
adds to global warming
3 stages
Pre-industrialised
mainly agriculture
simple technology
Industrialised
increase in use of technology
people move to cities
Post-industrial
manufacturing industries move abroad
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