Swelling in the Leg

Anatomy
1. popliteal fossa
possible causes of leg pain
1. 1-vasculitis,2-Boil,3-diabetic muscle infraction,4-Superficial thrombophlebitis 5-Tumors (bone tumors)
Tumors
1. Bone Tumor
  1. Physical Examination
    1. -Gait -Observe: mass, swelling, deformity -Palpate: warm, cold, fluctuant, tender -AROM/PROM -NV exam -Lymph node exam (groin, axilla, neck) -Abdominal exam for masses
    2. for the knee:
      1. 1-Inspect. 2-Palpate. 3-Move. 4-Special Test
  2. Investigations:
    1. WBC:Helps to diagnose inflammation or infection
    2. Hemoglobin Test:Cancer can result in Anemia which can be detected through hemoglobin test
    3. The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: Inflammation is associated with cancer
    4. -Evaluate bone pain or tenderness -Investigate an abnormality seen on X-ray -Find out if a bone tumor is cancer (malignant) or not cancer (benign) -Find the cause of an unexplained infection or inflammation
  3. Osteosarcoma
    1. Malignant tumor of mesenchymal cells characterized by direct formation of osteoid or bone matrix by the tumor cells
    2. Primary osteosarcoma -Children -Males -Metaphyses of long bones
    3. Secondary osteosarcoma -Elderly> 40 -Flat bones -Pre-existing bone lesions
    4. Risk Factor
      1. -Age -Height -Gender -Race/ethnicity- Radiation to bones -Genetic predisposition- Trauma
    5. stages
    6. Radiology
      1. X-Ray
    7. Management
      1. Chemotherapy(doxorubicin, ifosfamide, cisplatin, and high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue.)
      2. Surgery & Ampitation
    8. Complications
      1. -Metastasis -Chemotherapy side effects -Movement Problems

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Swelling in the Leg

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	Created by Dana Alobadily almost 8 years ago