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Igneous
1. Exogenic
  1. Above ground
    1. Extrusive
      1. Volcanic
        Fertile when broken down
      2. Basalt
        Quick cooling lava
        Giants Causway
        Hexagonal blocks
        Sea floor
        most common in world
        Dark, grey colour
        Fine grains
        Small crystals
        <55% silica
2. Endogenic
  1. Underground
  2. Intrusive
    1. Plutonic
    2. Granite
      1. cools slowly
      2. Large crystals
        Rough grains
      3. Mica, feldspar, silica
        >55% silica
        Acidic
      4. Leinster Batholith
      5. Caps of Mts
      6. Hard wearing
        Counter tops
3. Volcanic activity
4. Latin for fire
Sedimentary
1. Mechanical
  1. Sandstone
    1. Red
    2. 2nd most common in Ireland
    3. Rough
    4. Old red sandstone
      1. Waterford, Cork & Kerry
      2. Hot desert
    5. Sand
      1. Lithified in lake beds
      2. South of equator
    6. Rough to touch
    7. Fine grains
    8. Cemented with silica
    9. Permeable
  2. Conglomerates
  3. Shale
2. Chemical
  1. Gypsum
    1. Shallow bays
      1. Water evaporated
        Salts/mineral left behind
    2. Co. Cavan
      1. Kingspan
    3. Plasterboard
    4. Mined
  2. Chemically boned/created
3. Organic
  1. Remains of plants
    1. Coal
  2. Remains of animals
    1. Limestone
      1. Fish & shells
        350 mill Y.A.
        Under the sea
        Fossoils
      2. Calcium Carbonate
      3. White in colour
        Impurities turn it grey
      4. Most common in Eire
        Exposed
        Karst
        Burren
      5. Cement & lime
        Alkaline
      6. Types
        Chalk
        Dolomite
4. Made on or near surface
5. Compressed sediments
  1. Lithification
  2. Cemented
6. Layers
  1. Different rates
    1. Oldest @ bottom
    2. Newest @ top
  2. Strata
    1. Bedding planes
Metamorphic
1. Thermal (Contact)
  1. Great heat
    1. Cooked rocks
      1. aureole
  2. Volcanic intrusions
2. Regional
  1. Heat & pressure
    1. Limestone to Marble
      1. Many colours
        Impurities
        Green, red white
      2. Counters/floors
      3. Iron oxide gives red
      4. Serpentine gives green
3. Dynamic
  1. Great pressure
    1. foliation
  2. Very hard rock
  3. Slate
  4. Fold Mts
  5. Quartzite
    1. From sandstone
    2. Medium cyrstals
    3. Non porus
    4. Rod surfaces
4. Igneous or Sedimentary
  1. Rock cycle
  2. Heat & pressure
Human interaction
1. Mining
  1. Open cast
  2. Geothermal
  3. Shaft
2. Drilling
  1. Oil
  2. Gas
3. Rock cycle
  1. Melted
  2. Cemented
  3. Cooled & solidified

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Mind Map: Rocks

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	Created by Steven Morgan over 7 years ago