8715775
I always feel tired
- History Taking
- onset, duration and progress
- trauma?
- trauma?
- age and sex
- different Hb levels
- different Hb levels
- associated symptoms
- pain
- bleeding
- ulcer
- cancer
- pain
- family history
- thalassemia? sickle cell?
- thalassemia? sickle cell?
- history of chronic illness
- gynecological and gastrointestinal history
- history of fever
- infection
- inflammation
- infection
- changes in body weight/ bowel habit
- diet
- vegan/ vegeterian?
- vegan/ vegeterian?
- drug ingestion
- NSAIDS?
- NSAIDS?
- onset, duration and progress
- Physical Examination
- inspection
- hands
- tachycardia
- kolionychia
- tachycardia
- arms
- scratch marks
- ecchymosis
- scratch marks
- eyes
- pallor
- jaundice
- pallor
- mouth
- angular stomatitis
- atrophic glossitis
- angular stomatitis
- hands
- Palpation
- of the lymph nodes
- cervical LNs
- axillary LNs
- epitrochlear LNs
- inguinal LNs
- cervical LNs
- of the lymph nodes
- other examination
- neurological examination
- abdominal examination
- pelvic and rectal examination
- bone tenderness
- neurological examination
- inspection
- Investigations
- Complete Blood Count
- Peripheral Blood Film
- assessing
- RBC
morphology
and inclusions
- WBC morphology
and differential
count
- platelet
morphology
and count
- presence of any
abnormal cells
- RBC
morphology
and inclusions
- assessing
- IRON studies
- 1)serum ferritin
- 2) serum iron
- 3) TIBC
- 4) % saturation
- amount of
transferrin
occupied by iron
- amount of
transferrin
occupied by iron
- amount of iron
available to be
occupied by iron
- 4) % saturation
- amount of iron
present in
plasma
- 3) TIBC
- amount of
iron in the
stores
- 2) serum iron
- 1)serum ferritin
- Peripheral Blood Film
- electrophoresis
- use of electric current
to separate proteins
and DNA
- use of electric current
to separate proteins
and DNA
- Complete Blood Count
- Erythropoiesis
- erythropoietin stimulates PHSC to turn
into Proerythroblasts
- reticulocytes have nuclear material in them, once
they get rid of them in 1 or 2 days , they become
erythrocytes
- reticulocytes have nuclear material in them, once
they get rid of them in 1 or 2 days , they become
erythrocytes
- occurs in bone marrow
- Hemoglobin Synthesis
- Heme synthesis
- Protoporphyrin
- iron
- iron metabolism
- iron metabolism
- Protoporphyrin
- Globin Synthesis
- Heme synthesis
- erythropoietin stimulates PHSC to turn
into Proerythroblasts
- Anemia
- decrease in RBC mass or
hemoglobin concentration
in blood
- decrease in oxygen carrying capacity
- decrease in oxygen carrying capacity
- symptoms
- Classifications
- RBC indices
- microcytic
- iron deficiency
- most common form of anaemia
- most common form of anaemia
- Anaemia of chronic disease
- due to Hepcidin release
- inhibits release of iron from stores
- inhibits release of iron from stores
- due to Hepcidin release
- sideroblastic anemia
- defect in heme
synthesis,
production of
protoporphyrin
- Ringed sideroblasts
- Ringed sideroblasts
- defect in heme
synthesis,
production of
protoporphyrin
- iron deficiency
- macrocytic
- Megaloblastic anemia
- folate or Vitamin B12
deficiency
- DNA
synthesis
Impaired
- erythropoiesis
insufficient
- erythropoiesis
insufficient
- DNA
synthesis
Impaired
- folate or Vitamin B12
deficiency
- Megaloblastic anemia
- normocytic
- hemolytic anemia
- thalassemia
- reduced or
abolished globin
chain synthesis
- reduced or
abolished globin
chain synthesis
- hereditary spherocytosis
- genetic defect in genes coding for
ankyrin and spectrum
- genetic defect in genes coding for
ankyrin and spectrum
- sickle cell anaemia
- thalassemia
- hemolytic anemia
- microcytic
- Pathophysiological
- Blood loss
- hemolytic
- aregenerative
- Blood loss
- RBC indices
- decrease in RBC mass or
hemoglobin concentration
in blood
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