Visual agnosia is the inability to recognise
familiar objects presented visually. Most
neuropsychologists distinguish between
'apperceptive agnosia' and 'associative
agnosia'.
Associative agnosia
Associative agnosia is a failure that occurs at a later stage in
the object recognition process. In contrast to apperceptive
agnosias, patients with associative agnosias can draw objects,
match similar objects and describe the component parts.
However they cannot associate these details with stored
knowledge about the objects in order to recognise them.
Apperceptive agnosia
This form of agnosia consists of a failure to recognise an object because of
an inability to perceive its form. Patients are typically unable to draw the
object, match objects or describe component parts.
Visual agnosias
Prosopagnosia is a condition where individuals can describe a person's face and its expressions but cannot recognise
whose face it is unless they use other non-facial information such as hair, clothing or voice. A common complaint from
prosopagnosics is that they have trouble following the plot of movies because they cannot keep track of the actors'
identity.
Research study: De Renzi and Di Pellegrino
The most obvious sex
difference in human parental
investment is that human
males can opt out of parental
investment in a way that
females cannot.
Maternal investment
Females usually invest more time and effort into the rearing process. The human mother must carry the developing embryo to full term (9 months). Also, in common with other
mammals, human females breastfeed their young for up to two years, so they are burdened with the extended period of childcare that results from prolonged immaturity.