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99786
The restless earth
Description
GCSE Geography (Physical) Mind Map on The restless earth, created by jeacur on 20/05/2013.
No tags specified
geography
physical
geography
physical
gcse
Mind Map by
jeacur
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
jeacur
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
The restless earth
Structure of the earth
Inner core
Solid (iron and nickel)
Outer core
Liquid (iron and nickel)
Mantle
The dense, mostly solid layer between the outer core and crust (plastic)
Crust
Continental
Older, mostly 1,500,000,000
Less dense
Can't sink
Cannot be renewed or destroyed
Mainly granite
35% surface
Oceanic
Newer, most less than 20,000,000yrs
Denser
Can sink
Can be renewed/destroyed
Mainly basalt
60% earth's surface
Plate margins
Destructive
Subduction
One sinks under another
Pacific + Indo-Australian
Collision
Two continental push into each other
Eurasian + African
Constructive
Two plates move away from each other
South American + African
Conservative
Two plates slide alongside each other
Pacific + North American
Volcanoes
Composite
Eruptions infrequent but often violent
Steep slopes and narrow base
Secondary cones and layers of thick lava and ash
Destructive plate boundaries
Shield
Low, rounded peak
Wide base and gentle slopes
Layers of runny lava, little ash
Constructive plate boundaries
Eruptions frequent and not violent
Supervolcanoes
A mega colossal volcano that erupts at least 1000km3 of material. (Mt. St. Helens only erupted 1Km3)
Large depressions called calderas often marked by a rim of higher land around the edges
1) Rising magma cannot escape and a large bulge appears on the surface
2) Cracks appear in the surface and gas and ash erupt from the magma chamber
3) the magma chamber collapses, forming a depression called a caldera
Yellowstone effects
National
Destroy 10,000Km2 of land
Kill 87,000 people
15cm of ash would cover buildings within 1000Km and 1 in 3 die
Ash would affect transport, electricity, water and farming
Lahars possible
International
UK would receive ash 5 days later
Global climates would change, crops would fail and subsequently many people would die
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