Terms to know:-monosaccharides -disaccharide -polysaccharide
Storage polysaccharides-Starch > polymer of glucose molecules -Glycogen> polymer of glucose (like amylopectin but more branched)Structure polysaccharides -Cellulose> polysaccharide, IMPORTANT in cell walls -Chitin> carb used by insects. exoskeletons
C arbonH ydrogenO xygenN itrogenP hosphorus
^organic compounds ( carbon skeletons)
CARBON can form up to 4 covalent bonds has 6 protons
FUNCTION:1) short term energy storage *get the energy by breaking the bonds*2) structural support (cellulose; plant cell wall)(chitin; fungal cell wall, exoskeleton)
LIPIDS
FATS
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
STEROIDS
Saturated: no double bonds Unsaturated: has double bonds in skeleton
*large molecules assembled by dehydration synthesis from smaller molecules (glycerol and fatty acids)
^ FATTY ACID
*only two fatty acids attached to glycerol
Triglyceride/Triglycerol^
Carbon Skeleton of 4 fused rings
*Different steroids are distinguished by the chemical groups attached
Cholesterol: crucial to animal cell membrane
PROTEINS
AMINO ACIDS- amino group and carboxyl group -determine proteins function!
Polypeptides- polymer of proteinCatalysts- chemical agent that speeds up chemical reactions
CARBOHYDRATES
NUCLEIC ACIDS
FUNCTION
-Control synthesis of proteins *PROTEINS DO EVERYTHING!-store genetic information
Monomer: nucleotidePolymer: DNA & RNA (polynucleotides)
PYRIMIDINEadenineguanine
PURINEcytosinethymineuracil
-Provides directions for its own replication-Directs RNA synthesis
DNA
RNA
-mRNA; messenger RNA conveys genetic instructions for building proteins
Dou
Double Helix Antiparallel: 5' 3' phosphate backbone
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
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