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| Questão | Responda |
| Define disease | A condition that impairs the normal functioning of an organism |
| Define pathogen | An organism that causes disease |
| What is a communicable disease? | A communicable disease is a disease that can spread between organisms |
| What are the four types of pathogens? | Bacterium Virus Fungus Proctoctist |
| Give examples of diseases caused by bacterium | Tuberculosis Bacterial meningitis Ring rot |
| Give examples of diseases caused by viruses | HIV/AIDS Influenza TMV |
| Give examples of diseases caused by fungus | Black sigatoka Ringworm Athelete's foot |
| Give examples of diseases caused by protoctists | Malaria Potato/tomato late blight |
| What are the two types of transmission (of diseases)? | Direct Indirect |
| What is direct transmission? | A disease that is transmitted directly from one organism to another: Droplet infection (coughing/sneezing) Sexual intercourse Touching an infected organism |
| Give examples of direct transmission of diseases | HIV = sexual intercourse or mother to child through placenta Athlete's foot = touch |
| What is indirect transmission? | A disease is transmitted from one organism to another via an intermediate (including air, food or a vector) |
| Give examples of indirect transmission of diseases | Potato/tomato late blight = spores (carried through air, then water) Malaria = mosquitoes act as vectors |
| What are the factors affecting transmission? | Living conditions Social factors Climate |
| How do living conditions affect the rate of transmission? | Overcrowded living conditions increase transmission E.g. TB = droplet infection; risk of infection is increased when lots of people are crowded |
| How do social factors affect the rate of transmission? | Income, occupation and environment Healthcare - likeliness to be diagnosed and treated as well as availability of drugs Health education - inform people of transmission (e.g. HIV - using condoms) |
| How does climate affect the rate of transmission? | E.g. potato/tomato late blight - common during wet summers (spores need water to spread) E.g. malaria - common in tropical countries (humid and hot); ideal conditions to breed |
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