Astronmy Final

Questão	Responda
Newton's modification of Kepler's third law	Newton realized that in the planet-sun system the planet does not orbit around a stationary sun. Proposed that both the planet and sun orbited around the common center of mass for the planet-sun system. (m1+m2) p2= (d1+d2)3 = R3
Gasses that do not condense	Hydrogen and Helium
Kepler's Second Law of the undisturbed planetary motion	The line joining the planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time.
Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams H-R diagrams	Graphs of stellar luminosity or absolute magnitude against surface temperature or spectral type. Shows that stars do not have random surface temperatures and luminosities; the two factors are correlated. Latitude and Altitude
Stefan- Boltzmann law	The relationship stating that an object emits energy at a rate proportional to the fourth power of its temperature, in Kelvins.
Blueshift	A shift of all spectral features toward shorter wavelengths; the Doppler shift of light from an approaching source.
Redshift	The shifting to longer wavelengths of the light from remote galaxies and quasars; the Doppler shift of light from any receding source.
Order of Planets	Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Mercury	First planet closest to the sun. 0 moons and 0 rings.
Venus	Second planet closest to the sun. 0 moons 0 rings.
Earth	Third planet closest to the sun. 1 moon and 0 rings.
Mars	Fourth planet closest to the sun. 2 moons, 0 rings.
Jupiter	Fifth planet closest to the sun. 67 moons, has a ring.
Saturn	Sixth planet from the sun. 62 moons, has a ring.
Uranus	Seventh planet from the sun. 27 moons, has a ring.
Neptune	Eighth planet from the sun. 13 moons, has a ring.
All planets with rings:	Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Planets without moons:	Mercury, Venus
Black dwarf	Theoretical celestial object that remains after a white dwarf has used up all of its fuel and cooled off completely to a solid mass of extremely dense, cold carbon.
Universe	All space along with all the matter and radiation in space.
Astronomy	Branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole.
Electromagnetic spectrum	The entire array of electromagnetic radiation.
How the sun will die:	Sun-Like star:Converts hydrogen to helium in its core, generating heat and light. Red Giant: Nuclear fuel depletes, the core contracts and the outer layers expand Planetary Nebula: Outer layers drift off into space, star loses mass to nebula. White Dwarf: Star cools and shrinks. Black Dwarf: Star loses heat to space, turns cold and dark.
Electromagnetic radiation	Radiation consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields: gamma rays, x-rays, visible light, ultraviolet and infrared radiation, and radio waves.
Temperature in planets	As you go away from the sun the temperature of the planets will decrease. Venus will not decrease due to the Greenhouse effect.
What makes a star die?	Death of a star depends on the mass of the star. Gravity makes the sun, gravity makes death to the sun.
Most energetic radiation to least: *The shorter the frequency the higher the energy, the longer the wavelength the lower the energy.	GAMMA RAYS, X-rays, Ultraviolet radiation, Visible light, Infrared radiation, Microwaves, Radio waves.
Particle theory of light:	Photon energy: p=h+f
Celestial Sphere	Hypothetical sphere of very large radius centered on the observer; the apparent sphere of the night sky.
Zenith	Point of the celestial sphere directly overhead.
Ecliptic	The annual path of the Sun on the celestial sphere; the plane of the Earth's orbit around the sun.
South celestial pole	The location on the celestial sphere directly above the Earth's south rotation pole.
Blackbody	A hypothetical perfect radiator that absorbs and reemits all radiation falling upon it.
Blackbody curve	The curve obtained when the intensity of radiation from a blackbody at a particular temperature is plotted against wavelength.
Cool Stars	Radiate most energy
Planck's law	Relationship between the energy of a photon and its wavelength.
What colors has the shortest and longest wavelengths?	Shortest: Violet Longest: Red
Luminosity	Total amount of electromagnetic power (energy emitted each second). -The greater the luminosity, the brighter the object. -The smaller a star's magnitude, the greater is luminosity
Photometry	Measurement of light intensities.
Stellar spectroscopy	The study of the properties of stars encoded in their spectra.
Spectral type	A classification of stars according to the appearance of their spectra.
OBAFGKM sequence Temp high to low Blue-violet to orange	"Oh Be A Fine Guy, Kiss Me!" O:Blue-violet, B: Blue-white, A:White, F: Yellow-white, G: Yellow, K: Orange, M: Red-orange
Refraction phenomenon	The bending of light rays when they pass from one transparent medium to another.
Convex lens (converging lens)	Converges rays of light that are traveling parallel to its principal axis. They are thick across the middle and thin and lower and upper edges, curved outward. *Convex comes together
Calculations of the telescope	M= power of magnification Fe= focal length of eyepiece Fo= focal length of objective M= Fo Fe
Concave lens	Lens such that a parallel beam of light passing through is caused to diverge or spread out. Lens is thinner in the center. *light goes outwards
Hub bolt space telescope	Located in space Photographs the range of the spectrum Photographs in infrared, visible and ultra violet radiation. Stars make all kinds of radiation
Reflection telescope	Using mirrors instead of glass lens. Easier to make, just need reflection. *Cheaper
Earth's internal energy	Comes from the decay of radioisotopes and from gravitational energy released when the Earth was formed. *Used to renew the surface of the Earth and to drive movement of plates in the Lithosphere.
Earth's external energy	Comes from the sun. Most radiation is emitted at short wavelengths, in the visible part of the spectrum. *Maintains balance between energy radiated out and energy radiated in.
Conduction, *convection, radiation	Conduction: Energy is transferred by direct contact. *Convection: Energy is transferred by the mass motion of the molecules. Radiation: Energy is transferred by electromagnetic radiation.
Gas giants	Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
Ice giants	Uranus and Neptune
Asteroid belt	A 1.5-AU-wide region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in which most of the asteroids are found.
Sedna's Orbit	The farthest known body in the solar system in a highly elliptical orbit that ranges from the outer arches of the Kuiper belt and possibly extends inward to the inner Oort cloud.
Mini planets	Orbit around the sun ex: Metallic, left over of the permission of the solar system. Astroids are mini
Greenhouse effect	The trapping of infrared radiation near a planet's surface by the planet's atmosphere.
Global Warming	The gradual increase in the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, believed to be due to the greenhouse effect.
The Galilean moons	Four moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo in 1610. Galileo observed celestial bodies more distinctly with the adjustments to his telescope.
Continental drift	Gradual movement of the continents over the surface of the Earth due to plate tectonics.
Solar radiation	Responsible for Greenhouse effect. *Energy coming from the sun.

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	Criado por rebelyelllz mais de 11 anos atrás