Immunology - Absite | Flashcards

Questão	Responda
What do helper T-Cells (CD4) release?	IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma
What type of hypersensitivity are Helper T-cells involved in?	delayed type hypersensitivity Type IV
IL-2 cause maturation of what type of cells?	cytotoxic T cells
IL-4 causes maturation of which cells?	B-cells into plasma cells
What does IFN-gamma activate?	macrophages
Action of Suppressor T cells (CD8)	regulate CD4 and CD8 cells
Action of Cytotoxic T cells (CD8)	recognize and attack non-self antigens attached to MHC class I receptors (viral) responsible for majority of liver injury d/t HepB
Effector cells in cell-mediated immunity	macrophages cytotoxic T cells natural kill cells
What do intradermal skin tests detect?	cell-mediated immunity takes 2-3days
What kinds of infections are associated with defect in cell-mediated immunity?	intracellular pathogens (TB, viruses)
Which immunoglobulin is secreted with reinfection?	IgG
MHC Class I	CD8 activation present on all nucleated cells Single chain with 5 domains Target for cytotoxic T cells
MHC class II	CD4 activation present on antigen presenting cells 2chains, 4domains each APCs activate helper T cells Stim. Ab formation
Natural Killer Cells	not restricted by MHC, don't require previous exposure, don't require antigen presenting Recognizes cells that lack self-MHC immunosurveillance for cancer
IgM	initial antibody after antigen exposure primary immune response 5 Domains - 10 binding site MC antibody in the spleen
IgG	most abundant antibody in body responsible for 2/2 immune response Crosses placenta
IgA	found in secretions Peyer's patches in gut and breast milk helps prevent microbial adherence and invasion in gut
IgD	Membrane-bound receptor on B cells an antigen receptor
IgE	Allergic reactions Parasite infections Type I HS
Which immunoglobulins are opsonins?	IgM and IgG
Which immunoglobulins fix complement?	IgM and IgG, requires 1 IgG or 1 IgM
Which region on an antibody is for antigen regonition?	variable region
Which region on antibodies are recognized by PMNs, macrophages, and NK cells	Constant region
Polyclonal Antibodies	multiple binding sites to the antigen at multiple epitopes
Monoclonal Antibodies	only 1 binding site to the antigen at 1 epitope
Type 1 Hypersensitivity	immediate hypersensitivity reaction allergic reaction/anaphylaxis IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils react with the antigen and cause release of histamine, serotonin and bradykinin
Examples of Type 1 Hypersensitivity	Bee stings, peanuts, Hay Fever, Lymphazurin dye
Symptoms associated with Type 1 Hypersensitivity	urticaria, HoTN, bronchoconstriction, angioedema
Treatment for Type 1 Hypersensitivity	Epinephrine and airway management
Type 2 Hypersensitivity and examples	IgG or IgM reacts with cell bound antigen ABO incompatibility, hyperacute rejection, myasthenia gravis
Type 3 Hypersensitivity and examples	Immune Complex deposition Serum Sickness, SLE
Type 4 Hypersensitivity and symptoms	Delayed-type Hypersensitivity APCs present on Ag to Thelper, activated macrophages and destroy Ag Takes 2-3Days TB skin test (PPD) + contact dermatitis
Basophils	major source of histamine in blood
Mast Cells	Major source of histamine in tissue, man cell type for type 1 HS
Primary Lymphoid Organs	Liver, Bone, Thymus
Secondary Lymphoid Organs	Spleen and Lymph Nodes
Immunologic Chimera	2 Different Cell Lines in one individual (ex BM transplants)
IL-2	converts lymphocytes to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and into tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
What to do for non-tetanus prone wounds	Give tetanus toxoid only if patient has recieved <3 doses or tetanus status unknown, or >10years since booster
What is a tetanus prone wound?	>6hours old, obvious contamination and devitalized tissue; crush, burn, frostbite, missile injuries
What to do for tetanus prone wounds	always give tetanus toxoid unless patient has had >/= 3 doses and it has been <5years since last booster

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