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| Questão | Responda |
| Describe the crisis over Austria in 1934. [4] | e.g. ‘In 1934, Hitler attempted to take over Austria.’ ‘Germany failed in its attempt to unify Germany with Austria.’ ‘He used the Austrian Nazi Party to stir up discontent in the country.’ ‘The Nazi Party put pressure on the Austrian Chancellor, the Austrian Nazi Party assassinated Dollfuss.’ ‘Mussolini stopped Hitler from taking over Austria.’ ‘ Germany on his border.’ ‘Mussolini sent 100 000 troops to the Austrian frontier.’ ‘Hitler was surprised at Mussolini’s actions.’ ‘Hitler denied all knowledge of the assassination of Dollfuss.’ |
| What happened in relation to the Sudetenland during 1938 which raised tensions in Europe? [4] | Hitler wanted the Sudetenland (Gross Deutschland) / Chamberlain made 3 visits Hitler increased his demands / Final agreement at Munich - to avoid war (Hitler given the Sudetenland) / Czechs not invited! |
| What were the consequences of the Spanish Civil War for peace in Europe? [4] | ‘Hitler tested his armed forces in conflict.’ ‘The Luftwaffe had practised and perfected dive-bombing techniques.’ ‘This could be considered a dress rehearsal for a full-scale European war.’ ‘Hitler succeeded in persuading Mussolini to abandon Britain and France.’ ‘Mussolini and Hitler formed the ‘Rome-Berlin Axis’.’ The war distracted diplomats and officials from the affairs of central Europe.’ ‘During this time, Hitler was able to take successful action over Austria and Czechoslovakia.’ ‘Britain and France started to rearm.’ ‘The League of Nations was again shown to be ineffective.’ |
| Describe what happened in Guernica in April 1937. [4] | e.g. ‘Guernica was bombed.’ ‘Germany used the Luftwaffe/Condor Legion.’ ‘Over 1500 civilians were killed.’ ‘The Germans were attacking to support the efforts of Franco.’ ‘The Germans used blitzkrieg tactics.’ ‘The town was devastated with waves of bombing.’ ‘Planes bombed and strafed targets in Guernica.’ ‘The Germans used thermite as an incendiary to create a firestorm in the centre of the town.’ ‘The attack took place in daylight.’ ‘The attack was a test for the German air force.’ |
| What did Hitler gain from the return of the Saar to Germany? [4] | ‘Hitler gained a vote of confidence as 90% of the Saar’s people voted for union with Germany.’ ‘He gained control of the Saar through legal means.’ ‘He gained a propaganda success.’ ‘He gained the rich coal mines of the Saar.’ |
| What actions had Hitler taken by the end of 1935 to break the Treaty of Versailles? [4] | e.g. ‘Hitler refused to pay any more reparations.’ ‘He left the League of Nations.’ ‘In 1933, Hitler began re-arming in secret.’ ‘Hitler attempted the Anschluss with Austria.’ ‘Hitler re-introduced conscription.’ ‘He announced that his army would be 500 000.’ ‘He announced his intention of creating a military air force.’ ‘Hitler signed the Anglo-German Naval Agreement, which allowed him a fleet that was 35% the size of Britain’s fleet.’ ‘ |
| What was behind Hitler’s desire for Lebensraum? (4) | Lebensraum = living Space (in the east). He wanted land for his German population which he wanted to grow. Linked to his belief in the supremacy of the Aryan Race - Was a ‘blood + soil’ policy. (Social Darwinism - survival of the fittest) |
| What was the British and French response to the Remilitarisation of the Rhineland in 1936? (4) | Britain did ‘nothing’ - Hitler was just going into his own ‘backyard’. Attitudes in Britain changing towards Versailles. France did ‘nothing’ - they were in political turmoil because of elections. |
| What happened at Berchtesgaden (15 September 1938?) (4) | A diplomatic meeting between Chamberlain and Hitler to discuss the Sudetenland. Chamberlain proposed that areas of the Sudetenland with more than 50% of German speakers should be ceded to Germany. Hitler threatened military action if his demands were not met. Chamberlain left to discuss proposals with French and Czechs. |
| What happened at Bad Godesberg? (September 22, 1938) (4) | 2nd diplomatic meeting between Hitler and Chamberlain. Chamberlain told Hitler he had agreement for cessation of areas with 50%+ of German speakers. Hitler rejected the proposal - he demanded all the Sudetenland- immediately. Chamberlain left - no agreement made. War clouds gathering. Appeasement discredited. |
| What happened over the Rhineland in 1936? (4) | remilitarised it - Hitler took a gamble - ordered 22,000 troops in - told officers to withdraw if France / Britain challenged them - no military response from either. France wouldn’t act without Britain - Hitler breaking terms of Treaty of Versailles and Locarno Treaty of 1925 |
| What actions did Hitler take in 1933 on becoming Chancellor? (4) | Stopped paying reparations - withdrew from League disarmament conference (blaming French) - left the League altogether- began a programme of rearmament (in secret) |
| What happened in 1935 which was beneficial for Hitler and Germany? (4) | (Jan) Saar plebiscite - overwhelmingly victory (90% yes) - (March) Freedom to Rearm Rally - announcing rearmament (Britain + France limited response) (June) Negotiated the Anglo-German Naval agreement (allowing Germany’s navy to be 35% the size of Britain’s) legitimising his rearmament! |
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