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| Questão | Responda |
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| Definition of Psychology | the study of the mind of behavior |
| How does a neuron work with a message? What does what? | DENDRITE receives nerve info ---> AXON sends message ---> MYELIN protects the Axon when sending a message |
| Steps in Action Potential?? | --Stimulus is Introduction -Resting potential (Inside-Negative(Potassium) Outside-Positive(Sodium) -Depolarization(Sodium rushes into the cell) --> creates Action Potential |
| Communication style of neurons? | Communicate across neurons |
| What Am I? -Surround axons, they insulate axons which help the message send quicker? | Schwann Cells |
| True/False? Neurons touch each other when sending a message |
False. Neurons do not touch each-other
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| How do signals between Neurons travel? | Synapse-space between axon and Dendrite |
| Stimulus cells that either excite or inhibit a neigboring neuron. Causing a behavior | Neurotransmitters |
| The time that it takes for an action potential to travel depends on the ______of the _________ & how far it has to travel | Strength Stimulus |
| ______ stays constant in an action potential ________ can change when it is recieved | Strength Time |
| What happens to left over neurotransmitters? |
They can be reabsorbed(reuptake) or blocked
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| What determines the strength of the message? | Neural firing-->greater magnitude of experience |
| Peripheral Nervous System | -Connects to skin & Muscles. (Nerves) Blue Nerves (Somatic NS) Red Nerves (Autonomic NS) |
| In the Peripheral NS, what do the Blue Nerves Control? What do the Red Nerves Control? | Blue - control voluntary muscles, & convey sensory info to the central nervous system Red - Controls the heart, stomach, other organs. |
| What system are the Blue Nerves related to? | Somatic NS - Voluntary |
| What system are the Red Nerves related to? | Autonomic NS-involuntary things |
| Sympathetic muscles are.... |
expanding energy, doing an action
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| Central Nervous controls the.... | Brain, Spinal Cord |
| What side of brain controls the left side of the body? | The right brain. |
| What happens if the corpus Colosseum is severed? | There would be no communication, each side would receive info seperately |
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| Functions of The Frontal Lobe? | Executive Control -Thinking -Planning Organising -Problem Solving -Emotions -Personality Behavior Control |
| Functions of The Occipital Lobe? What happens if you damage it? |
Vision
-If you damage it you'd have no awareness of what you were seeing, but you'd know subconsciously what it looked like
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Functions of the Temporal Lobe?
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Memory Understanding Language (If you damage this, you'd have trouble recognizing voices and music) |
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Functions of the Parietal Lobe?
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-Perception -Making sense of the world -spelling -arithmatic |
| Types of Psychologists? | Teach & Research Organizational Individual |
| Where do psychologists work? | Companies Schools Hospitals Research facilities Gvt. |
| Someone who reads and learns from the research conducted by others? |
Research Consumer
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| Someone who conducts research studies & collects studies? | Research Producer |
| 1.Can you be a research producer without being a consumer? 2.Can you be a consumer without being a researcher? | 1. No 2. Yes |
| Difference b/t psychologists & psychiatrists | Psychologists get a Doctorate, cannot prescribe meds Psychiatrists - have MD, can prescribe meds. |
| The Types of studies for research? |
Self-Report
Physiological
Obersvational
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| Random assignment vs Sampling | Random A- when you pick your participants at random from the pop. While Sampling is the researchers choosing who gets to participate to represent the population |
| WEIRD | Western Educated Industrial Rich Democratic |
| What type of samples do most people use? | Convenient Samples |
| What does the IRB stand for? What does it do? | Institutional Review Board -decides whether researchers can do the study. Weights the risk/reward factors Assesses the damage to the particpants |
| describes exactly what the variables are and how they are measured within the context of your study | Operational Definition |
| Common stats in psych research? | Mean Median Mode |
| This Common stat tells you the average | Mean |
| This common stat tells you the middle value | Median |
| This common stat tells you the most frequent value | Mode |
| Tells you how much the scores deviate from the mean |
Standard Deviation
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| When you are not doing an experiment, you use_______________________ for analyse | Correlational Data (r) |
| What are the directions that (r) can go? | -Positive Correlation (+1) if both variables move in the same direction No correlation (0) -Negative Correlation (-1) When variables move in opposite directions |
| Best way to visualize correlational data? |
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| What kind of data do you use when you aren't controlling variables | Correlational Data |
| When you think that theres a relationship b/t two variables, but really there is no relationship or its very weak | Illusory Correlations |
| Manipulated Variable is called? | Independent Variable |
| Measured Variable is called? | Dependent Variable |
| The group that isn't manipulated in an experiment is called |
the Control Group
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| The group that uses random assignment? | Between Group |
| The group that uses the same people for each experiment | Within groups |
| Stat bundle -what do they mean r M SD T-score F-score P-value | r-correlational data M-mean SD-standard deviation T-score-difference b/t 2 groups F-score difference for 3 or more groups P-value - How likely due to chance |
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| Function of the... pupil? Iris? Sclera? | Pupil controls how much light is let into the eye Iris is the eye color, contracts to change size of pupil Scelera is the whites of your eyes, an protects the surface anatomy of the eye |
| Function of the Cornea Lens Retina Vitreous Humor Fovea | Cornea - covers the surface of they eye and is responsible for 2/3 of the focusing power Lens-helps to focus on the retina -->responsible for the process of accommodation Retina -layer of visual receptors covers the outer surface of eye in the back Vitreous H - the jelly substance in the middle Fovea- Where the greatest density of photoreceptors exist |
| The whole is different from the sum of its parts | Gestalt Principles |
| The Gestalt principles are? | Proximity Similarity Good Continuation Simplicity Closure |
| Gestalt Principle: We automatically perceive complete objects; not absent space |
Closure
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| Gestalt Principle: Simplicity AKA? | Law of Good Figure we tend to interpret a form in the simplest way possible |
| Gestalt Principle: Good Continuation | even when objects are blocked we assume they continue |
| Gestalt Principle: Similarity | We tend to groups things that are similar |
| Gestalt Principle: Promixity |
Grouping things together b/c they are close to eachother
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| Top-Down Processing? | Interpretation based on prior knowledge -experience driven |
| Bottom-up processing? | Interpretation based on what is in your environment |
| Signal Detection Theory? | 4 possible decisions when a stimulis is present or Absent Preset - Hit/Miss Absent - False Alarm/Correct Rejection |
| What are the 3 theories of vision? | Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision Opponent-Process Theory Retinex Theory |
| Whats the theory? Color vision depends on the response rate of the various types of cones |
Trichromatic Theory
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| Whats the theory? We perceive color in terms of paired opposites (red/green blue/yellow etc) |
Opponent-Process Theory
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| Whats the theory? The cerebral cortex compares the patterns of light coming from the different parts of the retina & synthesizes a color perception of each area? | Retinex Theory |
| Visual Constancy? | We percieve objects as maintaining their phyiscal characteristics, despite variations in their actual appearance |
| Monocular Cues? | Using cues from our environment from one eye. (Linear Environments Detail/Texture Interposition-looking at objects in relation to other stuff Shadows) |
| Our eyes have to turn(come closer) when we try to focus near objects | Convergence (Binocular Cue) |
| Retinal Disparity? | Our left & right eye have different perspective regarding the placement of an object comparative to our environment |
| Induced Movement? | When something appears to move when its not moving |
| Stroboscopic Movement? | Illusion of movement caused by rapid succesion of stationary images |
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