BMS10-1024 - Regulation of cardiac function 1

Descrição

Describe/ explain mechanical events of the cardiac cycle, including changes in pressures/ volumes of the atria and left/ right ventricles, + how these correlate with heart sounds/ECG. Explain origins of heart sounds / murmurs, indicating what is heard normally and abnormalities influence of cardiac filling on force production and its mechanisms. importance of Starling’s law of the heart. ventricular function curve and how SNS impacts it
Evian Chai
FlashCards por Evian Chai, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Evian Chai
Criado por Evian Chai mais de 4 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão Responda
What the order of events in a single cardiac cycle, starting from atrial systole? 1. Atrial Systole - blood ejected from atrium 2. Isovolumetric contraction (Ventricular systole) - pressure in ventricle rises, no blood flow 3. Systole Rapid Ejection - Blood ejected from ventricle 4. Systole Reduced Ejection - Redcued outflow of blood 5. Diastole Isometric Relaxation - Ventricles relax, no valaves open 6. Diastole Filling Phase - Inflow from VC/Pulmonary vein - Passive process
At what phase does ventricular pressure rise significantly? Isovolumetric Contraction (Ventricular Systole)
What does the peak in LV/Aorta pressure happen after Systole Rapid Ejection
When does ventricular pressure rapidly drop? Diastole Isovolumetric Relaxation
What causes the first sound and when does it happen? When Tricuspid/Mitral valves close during Systole Isometric Contraction
What causes the second sound and when does it happen? Aortic/Pulmonary Valves CLOSE during Diastole Isovolumetric Relaxation
What causes the third sound and when does it happen? Tricuspid/Mitral Valves open during Diastole Filling Phase
What are murmurs caused by? Turbulence
In the case of stenosis (narrowing of vessels), a sound in the mitral valve indicates....murmur and aortic indicates...murmur 1. Diastolic 2. Systolic
In the case of valve incompetance (leakage), a sound in the mitral valve indicates....murmur and aortic indicates...murmur 1. Systolic Murmur 2. Diastolic Murmur
What is endocarditis? Inflammation of the lining of heart muscle/valves due to bacterial infection
What are the 2 major factors affecting stroke volume? 1) Energy of contraction of the ventricles - Filling pressure of right heart (preload) influencing diastolic stretch (Frank Starling law) - Sympathetic innervation 2) Resistance to outflow from left ventricle - Total peripheral resistance
How does sympathetic innvervation impact energy of ventricle contraction? 1. Increased SNS increases Ca2+ 2. Leads to increased contractility/HR
What does the Frank-Starling Relationship state about energy of ventricle contraction? That energy of contraction of heart is a function of diastolic stretching (based on preload). Also explains why Left SV will change right SV Eg. Increased End Diastolic pressure (preload) increases stretching at the heart. This increases force-tension of the elastic fibers As they recoil, the contractile force is stronger, so increased stroke volume
What does the P in the ECG graph indicate? Atrial depolarisation
What indicates ventricular depolarisation on the ECG? QRS Complex
What indicates Ventricular repolarisation on the ECG T
What is the PR interval impacted by? AV Node Delay
What phase of the ECG shows ventricular systole? S-T
What does the T-P on the ECG indicate? Diastole
What does the ventricular function curve show? Shows how as End Diastolic Pressure increases, SV does as well
How does increased sympathetic innervation impact the ventricular function curve? Shifts graph up, so increased EDV leads to higher SV (due to increase in contractility/HR)
How does heart failure impact the ventricular function curve? The end of the graph drops (is lower)

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