|
Criado por Emilly Todd
mais de 9 anos atrás
|
|
Questão | Responda |
Interactional Talk | Language in conversation used for interpersonal reasons and/or socialising. |
Non-fluency Features | Characteristics of spoken language that interrupt the 'flow' of talk. Some exacples include hesitations, false starts, fillers, repetitions, overlaps and interruptions. |
Paralinguistic Features | Related to body language - it is the use of gestures, facial expressions and other non-verbal elements (such as laughter) to add meaning to the speakers message beyond the words being spoken. |
Phatic Talk | Conversational utterances that have no concrete purpose other than to establish or maintain personal relationships - similar to 'small talk'. |
Pragmatics | An approach to discourse analysis which focuses less on contexts and purposes of people talking to eachother. |
Prosodic Features | Includes features such as stress, rhythm, pitch, tempo and intonation. It is essentially, how something is said. |
Repairs | An alteration that is suggested or made by a speaker in order to correct or clarify previous conversational contribution. |
Sociolect | A social dialect or variety of speech used by a particular group, such as working-class or upper-class speech. |
Tag Question | Strings of words normall added to a declarative sentence to turn the statement into a question. |
Transactional Talk | Language to get things done or to transmit content or information. |
Turn Taking | A turn is a time which a single participant speaks, within a typical, orderly arrangement in which participants speak with minimal overlap and gap between them. |
Utterance | An utterance is a complete unit of talk, bounded by the speaker's silence. |
Vague Language | Statements that sound imprecise and unassertive. |
Accent | The ways in which words are pronounced. Accent can vary according to the region or social class of a speaker. |
Adjacency Pairs | Parallel expressions used across the boundaries of individual speaking turns. They're usually ritualistic and formulaic socially. Eg, 'How are you?' 'Fine thanks' |
Back-channel | Words, phrases and non-verbal utterances ('I see', 'oh', 'uh huh', 'ahh') used by a listener to give feedback to a speaker that the message is being followed and understood. |
Contraction | A reduced form, often marked by an apostrophe in writing - 'cannot' 'can't', 'she will' 'she'll'. |
Deixis/Deictics | Words such as 'this', 'that', 'here', 'there' which refer backwards or forwards outside a text. It is very dependant on context. |
Dialect | The distinctive grammar and vocabulary used which is associated with a regional or social use of a language. |
Discourse Marker | Words and phrases which are used to signal the relationship and connections between utterances and to show that what is being said can be followed by the listener or reader - eg, 'first', 'on the other hand', 'now', 'anyway'. |
Elision | The ommision or slurring (eliding) of one or more sounds or syllables - gonna = going to, wannabe = want to be |
Ellipsis | The omission of part of a grammatical structure. For example, 'You going to the party?' has the word 'are' missing. |
False Start | This is when the speaker begins an utterance, then stops and either repeats or reformulates it. |
Filler | Items which do not carry conventional meaning but which are inserted into speech to allow time to think, create a pause or hold a turn in conversation. Examples include 'er', 'um', 'ah', 'like'. |
Hedge | Words and phrases which soften or weaken the force with which something is said - eg, 'perhaps', 'maybe', 'sort of', 'possibly', 'I think'. |
Idiolect | An individually distinctive style of speaking. |
Alloiosis | Breaking down a subject into alternatives; 'You can either...' |
Anadiplosis | Repetition of the last word of a linee to begin another: 'We have worked hard to improve our policy on immigration. Immigration; an issue that requires further discussion'. |
Anaphora | Repetition of the same word at the beginning of successive clauses: 'It has been an amazing five years - five years of happiness, five years of change...' |
Chiasmus | When the order in the second half of an expression reverses that of the first: 'When the going gets tough, the tough gets going'. |
Diacope | Repetition of a word or phrase with one or more words placed in between: 'Give me strength, O Lord, give me strength'. |
Epiphora | The opposite of anaphora. The word is repeated at the end of the successive clauses: 'When I was a child, I spoke like a child, dressed like a child...' |
Occupatio | Emphasising a point by pointedly seeming to pass it over: 'I will not discuss his crimial record, his several jail terms, the daring escape...' |
Pathos | When a speaker appeals directly to the emotions of the audience. |
Tapinosis | Debasing/mocking language. For example, calling an 'air hostess' a 'trolley dolly'. |
Quer criar seus próprios Flashcards gratuitos com GoConqr? Saiba mais.