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| Questão | Responda |
| what is bilirubin derived from? | myeoglobin, hemoglobin, destroyed RBC's, hemolysis |
| How can drugs cause jaundice? | causes hemolysis, causes bile stasis, competing with bilirubin for albumin, direct hepatic effect on toxic cells |
| jendrassik Grof | method for bilirubin, uses diazotized sulfanilic acid |
| evelyn malloy | measures unconjugated bilirubin, dependent upon addition of methanol |
| serum bilirubin methods | bilirubinometer,Jandrassik Grof, bilirubin oxidase |
| Liver failure | increased PTA, bile NH3 and decreased albumin |
| functions of liver | -synthesis of cholesterol and bile acids, storage of vitamin A, |
| how are liver fxns assessed | ALT and AST |
| potentially toxic byproduct that is detoxified by the liver | NH3 |
| urobilin | breakdown product of bilirubin metabolism produced in colon from the oxidation of urobiligen by microorganisms |
| jaundice | yellow pigmentation of skin |
| kernictious | abnormal accumulation of bile in the brain |
| bilirubin metabolism | RBC disenegrate, Hmg released and converted to pigment bilirubin by the spleen |
| direct bilirubin | conjugated in the liver, attached to glucoronic acid, excreted in urine of jaundice patient |
| biliary destruction | increased total bilirubin, hemolytic jaundice,criggler najjar syndrome, |
| hemolytic jaundice types | cirhosis,criggler najjar, hepatitis, increased unconjugated bilirubin serum |
| criggler najjar | defficiency of an enzyme needed to conjugate bilirubin |
| dubin johnson | excessive conjugated bilirubin in urine |
| cirrhosis | alcoholism |
| complete obstrucion of bile duct characterized by | neg urobilogen in urine, neg fecal urobilogin in urine, excretion of pale colored stool |
| major compund in non protein nitrogen | urea |
| how does nh3 keptbetween limits to maintain acid base balance | synthesis of urea from nh3 |
| disorders associated w increased blood nh3 | reyes syndrome, renal failure, chronic liver failure |
| serum creatinine v GFR | serum creatinine increases, GFR decreases |
| BUN/ creatinine ratio and whats associated w increased BUN | 1:20, kidney failure, heart failure, dehydration and high protein |
| process of creatinine | creatine is precursor of creatinine |
| Bartholat | urea test blue green complex |
| gaffe rxn | colorimetric test for creatinine, alpaline conditions |
| creatinine clearance test | UxV/P, p =serum creatinine, used to assess GFR |
| if urine is not fresh and requiring a creatinine level what must be done | pH adjusted to 7 |
| why is creatinine a good substance for a claearnce test ? | blood levels are stable |
| creatine process | filtered by glomeruli, not reabsorbed by tubule, only secreted by tubules when plasma levels become elevated |
| tests increased in renal failure | K,mg,phos,urea,creatinine,uric acid, decreased are Ca and erythropoietin |
| gout | increase in uric acid |
| why do pple in chemo get gout sometimes? | chemo increases uric acid |
| end product of protein metabolism | urea |
| proximal tubule fxn | -reabsorbs 80% of salt and H20 |
| relationship between serum creatinine and GFR | inverse |
| normal renal plasma flow | 600ml/min |
| what happens to the BUN/creatinine ratio in prerenal azotemia? | increased BUN/creatinine, (BUN should be higher) |
| Proximal tubule | returns substances back to blood and secrete products of kidney metabolism, |
| Proximal tubule | returns substances back to blood and secrete products of kidney metabolism, |
| loop of henle | reabsorbs H20, Na + Cl |
| how to estimate Bun | creatinine age race gender |
| best accurate test for GFR | creatinine=Unpaired renal function |
| dialysis | method for seperating macromolecules from solvent |
| urea:urea nitrogen ratio | 2.14:1.0 |
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