Chapter 2 Vocabulary: Civics

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Chapter 2 Vocab words
Esmeralda Mendoza
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Esmeralda Mendoza
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Parliament The British legislature
legislature a group of people that makes laws
Precedent a ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case
common law a system of law based on precedent and customs
compact an agreement, or contract, among a group of people
town meeting a gathering of local citizens to discuss and vote on important issues
mercantilism the theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys
boycott the refusal to purchase certain goods
congress a formal meeting at which representatives discuss matters of common concern
independence self-reliance and freedom from outside control
confederation a group of individuals or states that band together for a common purpose
Magna Carta Great Charter signed in 1215 by King John; limited the power of the monarch and recognized rights of the nobles
Glorious Revolution 1688 the peaceful transfer of power in history of England: Parliament removed King James II from throne and invited his daughter Mary and her husband William to rule instead
English Bill Of Rights in English history guaranteed free elections, the right to a fair trial, and made cruel and unusual punishment illegal
natural rights rights you are born with-life, liberty & property
social contract agreement between the people (the governed) and the government; People agree to give up part of their freedom to govt. in exchange for protection of natural rights
Baron de Montesquieu philosopher who came up with "separation of powers"
Enlightenment during the 1700's & 1800's movement that spread the idea that reason and science could improve society
Mayflower Compact document signed by passengers of Mayflower; created a direct democracy in the New World; also represents idea of a social contract
House of Burgesses bicameral legislature in Jamestown, Virginia; also was the first representative democracy in the New World
Proprietary colony colony owned by a person who controlled the land and govt.
royal colony colony owned by and ruled directly by the king
indentured servant a person who agreed to work for a period of 7b years to pay off the cost of their passage to the colonies
triangular trade trade between Europe, Africa and the Americas; slaves from Africa were transported to the Americas and traded for sugar and molasses
Middle Passage the journey across the Atlantic Ocean mae by slave ships
salutary neglect sometimes called healthy or useful neglect meant England did not strictly enforce its laws in the colonies
French Indian War also called the Seven Years War between England and France; because of war debt England began to tax the colonies
"no taxation without representation" slogan that summed up the colonists anger over taxes and the fact the colonies were NOT allowed to send representatives to Parliament
Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 British soldiers opened fire on a crowd killing 5 American colonists; event fueled the Americans hatred for the British
Stamp Act a tax on printed materials such as legal documents, mail, newspapers, etc
Boston Tea Party colonists some dressed as Indians sneaked aboard British ships and dumped 90,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor
Intolerable Acts also known as the Coercive Acts; these acts (laws) punished the Boston colonists for the Boston Tea Party; the Boston port was closed to trade and a new Quartering Act
Quartering Act part of the Intolerable Acts; act that required colonist to house and feed British soldiers
Common Sense pamphlet written by Thomas Pained that was widely read in the colonies; said colonies should be free and independent
Battle of Lexington and Concord "shot heard around the world"; first battle of the Revolutionary War
Second Continental Congress meeting of colonial delegates in May 1775; a committee of 5 men were appointed to write a document declaring American Independence
Declaration of Independence the document addressed to King George II of England that declared American Independence
Thomas Jefferson chief author of the D.O.I
John Locke English philosopher whose natural rights philosophy was a BIG influence on Thomas Jefferson

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