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| Questão | Responda |
| Difference between bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics? | Bacteriocidal: antibiotics kill bacteria Bacteriostatic: prevent bacteria growing |
| Name two processes in a bacterial cell that antibiotics can inhibit | 1) Enzymes: needed to make chemical bonds in bacterial cell walls. prevents bacteria from growing properly 2) inhibit protein synthesis: by binding to bacterial ribosomes. all enzymes are proteins; no proteins = can't make enzymes |
| What is a hospital acquired infection? | Infections caught while patient is treated in a hospital. Patients more likely to get ill as they have weakened immune systems + around other sick people. |
| How is an agar plate prepared properly? (4 marks) | 1) Bacteria spread evenly on agar plate 2) paper discs soaked w/ antibiotics placed apart on plate. control soaked in sterile water. 3) experiment conducted w/ aseptic techniques e.g. bunsen burner used to sterilise instruments 4) plate incubated at 25-30 degrees for 24-36 hours |
| How do you know which antibiotic is the most effective? (2 marks) | 1) Always name the antibiotic 2) It has the largest inhibition zone |
| How can poor hygiene cause HAI? | 1)hospital staff + visitors not washing hands before visiting patient 2) coughs + sneezes not contained 3) equipment + surfaces not disinfected |
| What are codes of practice designed to prevent HAI? | 1) Hospital staff + visitors encouraged to wash hands 2) people with HAI moved to isolated wards - less likely to transmit infection to other patients 3) equipment + surfaces to be disinfected after use |
| Codes of practice to prevent + control HAI caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria | 1) Doctors not prescribe antib. for minor bacterial or viral infections 2) Not prescribe to prevent infections 3) should use narrow-spectrum antib. (only affect specific bacterium) 4) should rotate use of different bacteria 5) patients should take all antib. prescribed so infections fully cleared |
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