4392429
Descrição
FlashCards por elliswoodley, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por elliswoodley
quase 9 anos atrás
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| Questão | Responda |
| DIFFUSION (3 points) | Passive Movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration Across a semi-permeable membrane |
| What happens as an organism gets bigger? | Both its surface area and volume increase ------------- Surface area doesn't increase as much as volume Larger organisms must find a way to increase surface area for gas exchanges |
| Features of the perfect exchange surface ------------- LARGE SURFACE AREA | The larger the area across which a substance can diffuse the more of the substance that can cross at a given time |
| Features of the perfect exchange surface ------------- THIN | The shorter the diffusion distance, therefore the shorter the diffusion time |
| Features of the perfect exchange surface ------------- DIFFUSION GRADIENT | Concentration of the substance must be higher on one side of the membrane than the other |
| MAMMALIAN LUNGS ------------- LARGE SURFACE AREA (1 point) | Lungs contain millions of tiny alveoli |
| MAMMALIAN LUNGS ------------- THIN (1 point) | Alveolar and capillary walls are each only one cell thick |
| MAMMALIAN LUNGS ------------- DIFFUSION GRADIENT (2 points) | Breathing movements replace oxygen-poor air with atmospheric air Capillaries take away oxygen-rich blood and bring in oxygen-poor blood |
| MAMMALIAN LUNGS ------------- PROTECTION FROM DRYING OUT (3 points) | Alveoli are tucked away inside the body Away from direct exposure to dry air Cells secrete a watery fluid to keep them moist (despite some loss of water due to evaporation into the air) |
| PLANT LEAVES ------------- LARGE SURFACE AREA (2 points) | Highly branched shapes with lots of leaves means high SA : V ratio Air spaces inside leaves means many cell surfaces are exposed to the air |
| PLANT LEAVES ------------- THIN (3 points) | Leaves only a few cells thick Stomata allow direct contact of outside air with air spaces Gases diffuse straight from the air into the cells that need them |
| PLANT LEAVES ------------- CONCENTRATION GRADIENT (2 points) | Daylight - photosynthesis in palisade and spongy cells use carbon dioxide lowering it conc. inside the leaf to below what's in the air. At night - respiration produced a diffusion grad. in the opposite direction. |
| PLANT LEAVES ------------- PROTECTION FROM DRYING OUT (2 points) | Stomata can close to prevent movement of gases (inc. water vapour) Waxy cuticle covers rest of leaf to reduce water loss from surface cells |
| What is the role of macrophages in the lungs? (2 points) | Engulf small particles (e.g. bacteria and fine dust) In a lung infection, they leave the capillaries and help remove the parasites |
| CARTILAGE ------------- DISTRIBUTION (2 points) | TRACHEA Large C-shaped pieces BRONCHUS Smaller C-shaped pieces |
| CARTILAGE ------------- FUNCTION (1 point) | Provides protection and support for trachea |
| SMOOTH MUSCLE ------------- DISTRIBUTION (3 points) | LARGER/SMALLER BRONCHIOLE TRACHEA BRONCHUS |
| SMOOTH MUSCLE ------------- FUNCTION (1 points) | Allows stretching of the outer side of the alveoli |
| ELASTIC FIBRES -------------- DISTRIBUTION (4 points) | TRACHEA BRONCHUS SMALLER/LARGER BRONCHIOLE ALVEOLI |
| ELASTIC FIBRES -------------- FUNCTION (1 point) | Allows the stretching and contraction of the alveoli |
| GLOBLET CELLS ------------- DISTRIBUTION (3 points) | TRACHEA BRONCHUS LARGER BRONCHIOLE |
| GLOBLET CELLS ------------- FUNCTION (1 point) | Produces mucus to trap particles such as dust and bacteria |
| CILIATED EPILTHELIUM -------------- DISTRIBUTION (4 points) | CILIATED TRACHEA CILIATED BRONCHUS CILIATED LARGER BRONCHIOLE CILIATED SMALLER BRONCHIOLE |
| CILIATED EPITHELIUM -------------- FUNCTION (1 point) | Sweeps the mucus up towards the back of the throat |
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