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Descrição
FlashCards por Chrisitna Spangler, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Chrisitna Spangler
mais de 8 anos atrás
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| Questão | Responda |
| These structure s exist in all Bacteria | Cell (cytoplasmic) membrane Bacterial chromosome or nucleoid RIbosomes Cytoplasm |
| One commonality in the internal structure of bacteria and archaea is... | Neither have membrane-bound organelles |
| Bacteria cell walls are made up of a chemical called what? | Peptidoglycan |
| The walls of these particular cells are tough and distinct from bacteria and eukaryotic cells | Archaeal cells |
| These cells have a nucleus that contain nuclear material | Eukaryotic cells |
| Name the three external appendages of a bacterial cell | Flagella Pili Fimbriae |
| Bacteria can form groups called | Colonies Biofilms |
| Bacterial are capable of carrying out all necessary life activities such as.. (name 3) | Reproduction Metabolism Nutrient processing |
| A long rotating filament attached to a bacterial cell by a basal body that provides motility. | Flagellum |
| Stored nutrients inside a bacterial cell, suc h as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed are called.. | Inclusion/Granule |
| A coating or layer of molecules external to the bacterial cell wall. It may also serve as an adhesive and has receptor functions. | Capsule |
| Pilus | An appendage used for drawing another bacterium close in order to transfer DNA to it, found only on Gram-neg bacteria. |
| Cell wall | A semisolid casing that provides structural support and shape to the cell |
| These are fine, hairlike bristles extending from the surface of bacterial cells that assist in adhesion to other cells | Fimbriae |
| S layer | A monolayer of protein used for protection and/or attachment |
| Protein coated packets used to localize enzymes and other proteins in the cytoplasm of a bacteria cell | Bacterial microcompartments |
| Plasmid | Double stranded DNA circle containing extra genes. |
| A dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse conditions | Endospore |
| What are the three general shapes of bacteria? | Coccus Bacillus Spirillum |
| What is the average size of a bacterial cell? | 1 um |
| What is th e size of the bacteria Thiomargarita namibiensis? | 100-750 um some are large enough to be seen with the naked eye |
| A Nanobacteria is what size? | 0.5 - 0.2 um |
| Variations in size and shape among cells of a single species is called.. | Pleomorphism |
| Average size of a Mycoplasma? | 0.15 - 0.30 um |
| What is the smallest bacteria to date that can be seen under a light microscope? | Mycoplasma 0.15 - 0.30 um |
| Groups of four cocci are called | Tetrads |
| A cubical packet of 8, 16 or more cells of cocci is called.... | Sarcina |
| The arrangement of Streptoccoci | chains of a few to hundreds of cells |
| What does an arragement of Staphylococci look like? | irregular clusters of spherical shaped cells |
| Cells that appear as a side-by-side row of cells as a result of being partially attached and folded back are called... | Palisades |
| What bacterial cells rarely remain attached after cell division? | Spirochetes |
| What do Diplobacilli look like? | pairs of rod shaped cells with ends attached |
| These bacterial cells are only occasionally found in short chains | Spirilla |
| What two external appendages provide motility? | Flagella and axial filaments |
| These two external components provide attachment points or channels | Fimbriae and pili |
| Name the three parts of a bacterial flagellum | Filament Hook (sheath) Basal body |
| A helical structure composed of protein found on a bacterial flagellum | filament |
| Monotrichous | single flagellum |
| Lophotrichous | small bunches of tufts |
| flagella at both poles of the cell | Amphitrichous |
| flagella are dispersed randomly over the surface of the cell | Peritrichous |
| Chemotaxis | the movement of flagellum in response to chemical signals |
| Positive chemotaxis | movement of flagellum in response to favorable chemical stimulus |
| movement of flagellum away from a repellent (potentially harmful) compound. | Negative chemotaxis |
| Phototaxis | Movement as a result of a light source |
| Is Phototaxis positive or negative? | Can be either positive or negative moving toward or away |
| Describe what happens when a bacteria cell runs | The flagella moves counterclockwise. The cell moves in a smooth, linear direction toward a stimulus |
| What causes a bacteria cell to tumble? | Repellants cause numerous tumbles |
| What is it called when the flagellum of a bacterial cell reverses direction causing the cell to stop and change course? | Tumble |
| As a bacterial cell gets closer to it's attractant, what happens to the run and tumble sequence? | the walk becomes "biased" toward more runs and fewer tumbles directing the cell to it's attractant |
| Axial Filaments | Two or more long coiled threads found in spirochetes that are the cells internal flagellum |
| Long coiled threads that cause a twisting motion within a spirochete | Axial Filaments |
| These bristle-like fibers on the surface of some bacteria have a tendency to stick to each other and to surfaces | Fimbriae (sing; Fimbria) |
| These fibers found on the surface of E.coli, may be responsible for biofilms | Fimbriae |
| A long rigid tubular structure, can transfer DNA and is only found in gram-negative bacteria | Pili |
| A pilus is made of a special protein called.. | pilin |
| Pili is used in a mating process between cells called.. | Conjugation |
| What is a slime layer? | Glycocalyx formed loosely around the cell, protects the cells from water/nutrient loss. |
| What is a capsule? | Glycocalyx that is bound tightly around a cell, denser and thicker than slime layer. |
| What do capsules protect against? | bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells. |
| Capsules are formed by what type of bacteria? | Pathogenic |
| Biofilms are layers of bacteria that form on the surfaces of (give 2 examples | Teeth and indwelling catheters |
| Cell envelope is composed of three parts, what are they? | Cell wall cell membrane outer membrane (in some bacteria) |
| A Gram-positive cell wall can be described as a... | --Thick cell wall of peptidoglycan --Inner cytoplasmic membrane |
| A Gram-negative bacteria cell wall can be described as having a | Outer membrane Thin cell wall Inner cytoplasmic membrane |
| What are the characteristics of a cell wall structure? | --determine the shape of the cell --structural support |
| Describe on important factor that is necessary to consider in order to identify or treat an infection that was caused by a Gram-neg bacteria? | The outer membrane has an extra barrier that is more difficult to penetrate than Gram-positive bacteria. |
| ___________ or it's parts can interact with human tissues and contribute to disease? | Cell envelope |
| The lipids of the cell walls of certain ____________ species are harmful to human cells | Mycobacterium |
| __________are dominant bodies produced by the bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Clostridium and Sporosarcina | Endospores |
| Depletion of nutrients, especially carbon and nitrogen sources is the stimulus for what? | Endospore formation |
| Sporangium is a sporulating cell who's transformation into a spore takes how long? | 6-8 hours in most species |
| When does germination of an endospore begin? | When favorable conditions arise such as; in the presence of water and a specific chemical or stimulus |
| Mycelium | The woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body or colony of a mold. |
| Septa | hyphae divided into segments or cross wall |
| Hyphae | Hairlike fibers or cells (mold) |
| what are the two ways in which fungi can reproduce? | Sexually and Asexually |
| What is the disadvantage of Asexual reproduction for a fungi? | There is no genetic diversity, every cell is a clone of the parent which affects survivability |
| What is the disadvantage of Sexual reproduction for a fungi? | Just that is requires a partner |
| What is the advantage of Sexual reproduction for a fungi? | It has genetic diversity so increased chances of survival |
| What are Saprobes? | A type of fungi that obtains it's substrates from dead plants an animals |
| What are Heterotrophic fungi? | A type of fungi that acquires it's nutrients from a wide variety of substrates |
| Parasitic fungi | live on the bodies of plants or animals |
| A protozoan that is considered a sprozoan is called a/an_____________ and causes the diesease______________ | Apicomplexan / Maleria |
| What mode of locomotion does an apicomplexan use? | it is non-motile |
| These organisms are usually harmless but a few species are parasitic and responsible for millions of infections in humans per year. What classification are they in? | Protista /Protozoa |
| Any unicellular or colonial organism that lacks true tissues | Protist |
| Protozoans are categorized by the way that they | Move/ there methods of locomotion |
| Name 3 methods of locomotion for a protozoan | Pseudopods ("false feet") Flagella Cilia |
| Most protozoans have 1 of 3 methods of locomotion but a fourth protozoan called_________uses what method of locomotion? | Apicomplexan (sporozoan) / non-motile |
| The 2 major taxonomic categories of the kingdom of Protists are.... | Subkingdoms; Protozoa and Algae |
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