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Criado por katiehumphrey
mais de 10 anos atrás
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Questão | Responda |
coastal landforms | cracks cave arch - Durdle Door stack - Old Harry stump - Old Harry's wife |
coastal management | sea wall rip rap groynes revetments gabions breakwaters beach replenishment managed retreat |
waves wear away the coast using four processes of erosion | hydraulic action corrasion attrition corrosion |
hydraulic action | waves crash against rock and compress air in the cracks putting pressure on rock - repeated compression widens cracks and bits of rock break |
corrasion | eroded particles in the water scrape against rock, removing small pieces |
attrition | eroded particles in the water smash into each other and break into smaller fragments |
corrosion | weak carbonic acid in seawater dissolves rock like chalk and limestone |
destructive waves erode the coast | they are frequent, high, steep and their backwash is more powerful than their swash meaning material is removed from the beach |
wind and destructive waves | the force of the wind on the water's surface is what creates waves - strong wind gives large, powerful waves |
fetch and destructive waves | the distance of water over which the wind has blown to produce a wave - greater fetch gives bigger and more powerful waves |
cliffs retreat as a result of erosion, weathering and mass movements | mass movements: slides slumps rockfalls |
coastal weathering | mechanical - freezethaw chemical - rainwater CO2 |
headlands and bays form where erosion resistance is different |
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headlands are eroded to form caves, arches, stacks and stumps |
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cove | a wide, circular bay with a narrow entrance formed when there's a band of hard rock along a coast with a band of softer rock behind it |
coast | a zone of interaction between the sea/ocean and the land |
constructive waves | depositional landform shallow beach profile swash is stronger backwash is weaker |
longshore drift LSD: the movement of material along the coast by the action of waves |
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four processes of transportation | traction saltation suspension solution |
deposition | when material being carried by the sea water is dropped on the coast |
beaches | formed by deposition/constructive waves/longshore drift |
sand beaches | flat and wide - sand particles are small and the weal backwash can move them back down the beach, creating a long gentle slope |
shingle beaches | steep and narrow - shingle particles are large and the weak backwash can't move them back down the beach |
spits: form at sharp bends in the coast - at river mouth LSD transports material past the bend and deposits it in the sea wind/waves curve end of spit |
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bar: formed when a spit joins two headlands together cuts off bay from sea lagoon forms behind |
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examples of coastal landforms | durdle door - arch lulworth cove - cove chesil beach - tombolo swanage bay - bay old harry - stack old harry's wife - stump |
economic reasons to protect the coast | loss of tourism businesses near cliffs damages agricultural land property prices fall |
social reasons to protect the coast | deaths water supplies loss of housing loss of jobs damage to infrastructure |
environmental reasons to protect the coast | ecosystems affected sites of special scientific interest are threatened |
hard engineering coastal defences | sea wall rip rap groynes revetments gabions breakwaters |
soft engineering coastal defences | beach replenishment managed retreat |
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