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10230151
Diuretics
Descrição
Mapa Mental sobre Diuretics, criado por Curtis Burnley em 07-09-2017.
Mapa Mental por
Curtis Burnley
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Curtis Burnley
quase 7 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Diuretics
Increases urination by decreasing reabsorption of ions like sodium
Water is pulled by the ions via passive transport
Used to treat edema, HTN, and glaucoma
Thiazide Diuretics
Most common of all diuretics
Most common: HCTZ
Others: metolazone; chlorthalidone; indapamide
Affects the distal tubule
Inhibits the Na/Cl co-transporter
Increases excretion of Na, Cl, K, and Mg
Less Ca excretion
Reduced peripheral vascular resistance
Used to treat HTN, diabetes insipidus, hypercalciuria, and heart failure
Taken orally for 1-3 wks to decrease BP
Secreted by the kidneys
Side effects: hyperuremia (and gout), hyponatremia; hypokalemia; volume depletion; hyperglycemia; hyperlipidemia
Osmotic Diuretics
Carry water as they are filtered through the glomerulus
Mannitol is the most common
Increases water excretion, but not sodium excretion
Prevents acute renal failure and increased intracranial pressure
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Acts on collecting tubule
Inhibits Na reabsorption and K excretion
Caution in renal disease patients: increased risk for hyperkalemia
Used to treat HTN, but with a thiazide
Aldosterone Antagonists
Prevent proteins from stimulating Na/K exchange sites
Blocking aldosterone should relieve edema
Spironolactone and eplerenone
Used as a diuretic and in heart failure
Highly bound to plasma proteins
Side effects: GI upsets; mimicry of sex hormones
Sodium Channel Blockers
Triamterene and amiloride
Blocks sodium transport channels, decreasing Na/K exchange
Side effects: K retention; renal stones, increased uric acid
Loop Diuretics
Causes the most diuresis
Useful in emergency situations
Acts on ascending loop of Henle
Most common is furosemide; others are bumetanide and torsemide
Inhibits Na/K/2Cl cotransport, reducing reabsorption
Increases excretion of Na, K, and Ca
Decreases renal vascular resistance
Increases renal blood flow
Increases prostaglandin synthesis - may increase renal blood flow
Used in treating acute pulmonary edema in heart failure
Used to treat hyperkalemia nd hypercalcemia
Side effects: ototoxicity; hypermagnesemia; hyperurecemia; potassium depletion
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Acetazolamide and methazolamide
Weak diuretic
Works on proximal tubule
Decreases ability to exchange Na for H for bicarbonate
Used to treat glaucoma
Acetazolamide (Diamox) 2 250mg tablets
Dorzolamide and brinzolamide are used topically
Also treats pseudotumor cerebri and mountain sickness
Side effects: metabolic acidosis, K depletion, renal stones, drowsiness, paresthesia
Avoid in patients with cirrhosis
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