Nazi Germany 1918-1939

The treaty of Versailles
1. THE BIG THREE
  1. USA-President Woodrow Wilson
    1. Wanted a fair treaty
      1. To improve international relationships
        How the League of Nations was set up, to work for world peace
  2. Great Britain-Prime minister Lloyd George
    1. A general election that would make Germany pay
      1. For Germany to be weakened
    2. didn't want a league of nations
  3. France- Prime minister Clemcenceau
    1. Demanded reparations
      1. For the 'damage' Germany had caused
  4. Each had their own motives and attitudes towards the peace settlement
  5. THREE MOST POWERFUL VICTORS OF THE WAR
2. Decided on what would happen to Germany
3. FOUR OUTCOMES
  1. 1. LAND LOSS
    1. All Germany colonies to be lost
    2. Rhineland to be occupied by French troops
  2. 2. BLAME
    1. For Germany to admit they caused the war
    2. Full responsibility
  3. 3. REPARATIONS
    1. Germany to pay 6.6 billion in reparations
    2. Payments to also be made in products also
      1. coal and steel
  4. 4. MILITARY RESTRICTIONS
    1. 100,000 troops only
    2. Navy only allowed 15,000 men only
    3. 6 battleships only, with no submarines
    4. No armed tanks, planes and machine guns
The Weimar republic
1. Once Germany lost in the First World War, the Kaiser abdicated and fled
  1. Making a new democratic government
  2. The Weimar Republic was an attempt to create perfect democratic country
  3. leaving uncertainty
2. Key features of the constitution
  1. Proportional representation
    1. Elections every 4 years
  2. Chancellor needs majority in seats
  3. Reichstag had to pass all the laws
  4. President had full right to suspend any laws
3. Problems the constitution faced
  1. Attacks from the left and right
    1. Spartacist uprising (JAN 1919)
      1. Later defeated by the Weimar government (help alongside with Freikorps)
    2. Kapp Putsch (MARCH 1920)
      1. Freikorps seized power in Berlin (army and police just stood by)
        The Kapp Putsch failed as the government calls in workers to go on strike
  2. Occupation of the Ruhr
    1. French troops occupied the Ruhr, as Germany failed to pay reparations
  3. Hyperinflation(1923)
    1. Government prints of money to pay reparation and wages
      1. this money then has no value to its self, so it becomes valueless and worthless
4. Strengths and weaknesses
  1. The Weimar Constitution
    1. Comprising
      1. An elected Reichstag which made the laws + An elected president using Article 48 in an Emergency
        Underpinned by
        A Bill of Rights, the vote by proportional representation
        Proportional representation
        Weimar Germans voted for a party, each of these parties were allocated seats in the Reichstag
        These seats were reflecting (proportional) to the number of people who had voted for it
        Bill of Rights- guaranteed every German citizen freedom of speech and religion, as well as equality
        Men and women over the age of 20 were given the right to vote
        Article 48- in an emergency the President did not need the agreement of the Reichstag, but could issue decrees.
        Hitler could use this legally
        Reichstag made all the laws
5. HOW THEY RECOVER
  1. Rentenmark (Stresemann introduced new currency)
    1. It stablished the new currency and gave German people conifdence
    2. Later, converted to Reichsmark (backed with gold)

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