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1070645
Factors affecting Volcanic Eruptions
Descrição
History (British History) Mapa Mental sobre Factors affecting Volcanic Eruptions, criado por keistajupiter em 14-07-2014.
Sem etiquetas
geography
tectonics
volcanoes
history
british history
Mapa Mental por
keistajupiter
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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keistajupiter
aproximadamente 10 anos atrás
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Factors affecting Volcanic Eruptions
Dissolved Gases in Magma
Dissolved gases such as water vapour and carbon dioxide are present in magma.
These gases expand near the surface.
Vents = openings near the surface through which molten gases / rock are released.
Eruption violence related to how easily gas escapes from magma.
Gas escapes easily from less viscous magma.
More viscous magma = more explosive eruption.
Therefore the more viscous the magma, the more difficult it is for gas to escape the magma, and the more explosive the volcano.
Magma Temperature
Hotter magma is less viscous = less explosive.
Basaltic volcanoes are very hot - 1200°c.
Andesitic volcanoes are quite hot - 1000°c.
Rhyolitic volcanoes are cooler - 700°c.
The cooler the magma, the less viscous the lava, and therefore the more explosive the volcano.
Magma Composition
Low silica content magma is less viscous = less explosive.
Basaltic volcanoes have a low silica content - 42 to 52%.
Andesitic volcanoes have a medium silica content - 50% or more.
Rhyolitic volcanoes have a high silica content - 70% or more.
Therefore the higher the silica content, the more viscous the magma, and the more explosive the volcano.
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