A mass in the lung

It causes
1. Coughing blood
  1. Also called
    1. Hemoptysis
    2. hematemesis (GIT)
  2. causes
2. Breathlessness
  1. Its called
    1. Dyspnea
  2. Acute
    1. Asthma (bronchospasm)
    2. Carbon monoxide poisoning
    3. Heart failure
    4. Low blood pressure
    5. Pulmonary embolism
    6. Pneumothorax & pneumonia
    7. Sudden blood loss
  3. Chronic
    1. COPD
    2. Obesity
    3. Lung Cancer
    4. Anemia
    5. Interstitial lung disease
Lung Cancer
1. Classification
  2. Grading and staging
    1. Grading is
      1. Well differentiated
      2. undifferentiated
      3. poorly differentiated
    2. Staging is
      1. TNM
        Size
        Metastasis
        Nearby Lymph nodes
2. Risk factors
3. Metastasis
  1. Primary breast, Colon, renal cell carcinoma
4. clinical features
  1. Digital clubbing , Lambert Eaton syndrome, Cachexic symptoms, chest pain, hemoptysis
5. Treatment
  1. non-Small cell carcinoma
    1. Surgery and radiotherapy
    2. In case of mutations EGFR-ALK...
      1. Personalized cancer therapy
        Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (gifitinib) against EGFR in AC
  2. Small cell carcinoma
    1. Combination of chemotherapy
      1. Etoposide + cisplatin
      2. CAV
      3. ACE
      4. Gemcarbo
6. Diagnosis
  1. Physical Examination
    1. Tracheal deviation
      1. Atelectasis, fibrosis
      2. Pneumothorax, effusion
    2. Chest Expansion
      1. Percussion and auscultation
  2. Investigations
    1. Sputum cytology
    2. Pleural fluid analysis
      1. Thoracocentesis
      2. Transudate & exudate
    3. Biopsy
    4. X-ray
    5. Estimation of hormones & CEA
    6. Bronchoscopy
    7. Spirometry
7. Prognosis
Anatomy of the Posterior Mediastinum
1. Descending thoracic aorta
2. Esophagus
3. Azygos & hemiazygos veins
4. The two vagi nerves
5. Splanechic nerves
6. Thoracic duct
7. Posterior mediastinal lymph nodes.
Pleural Effusion
1. Transudate
  1. Hydrothorax
2. Exudate
  1. Viral pleuritis
  2. Pulmonary Infection
  3. Cancer
  4. Empyema
3. Hemothorax
  1. Ruptured intrathoracic aortic aneurysm
4. Chylothorax
  1. Obstruction of the major lymph ducts (Intrathoracic cancer)
5. management
  1. Pleural drain
  2. Pleurodesis
  3. Thoracentesis
  4. Tube thoracostomy
He is a smoker
1. Nicotine Dependency
  1. Signs and symptoms
    1. accelerated HR
    2. increased BP
  2. diagnosis
    1. Nicotine Dependency(DSM V)
  3. stages of change
  4. Pharmacological treatment
    1. nicotine patch
    2. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)

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A mass in the lung

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	Criado por Eslam Ebrahim aproximadamente 7 anos atrás