11483443
Descrição
Mapa Mental por Isobel Temple, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Isobel Temple
aproximadamente 7 anos atrás
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Case study: Somerset
Levels, west of england
- Where are the
Somerset
Levels?
- Located near
Cornwall/ Deveon, in
the south west of
England
- It is near Bristol
- It is
between
quantock
hills and
Mendip
hills
- The river parrette
runs through it
- Some of the Somerset
Levels is on the coast
- Somerset levels are in the east
of somerset
- Somerset levels are in the east
of somerset
- Some of the Somerset
Levels is on the coast
- The river parrette
runs through it
- It is
between
quantock
hills and
Mendip
hills
- It is near Bristol
- Located near
Cornwall/ Deveon, in
the south west of
England
- Why is it such a
unique
landscpae?
- Covers an area of
650km
- It is a flat landscape, the
heighest is 8km
- Historically it was
drained for
agricultural
purposes
- Thousands of years
ago it was it was
covered by the sea
- The romans built
agricutural saea
defences
- In the 17th centuary
the dutch created
ditches to drain the
land
- The area is
vulnerable to
bothe river and
tidal flooding
- There is fertile
farmland on the
floodplain
- There is fertile
farmland on the
floodplain
- The area is
vulnerable to
bothe river and
tidal flooding
- In the 17th centuary
the dutch created
ditches to drain the
land
- The romans built
agricutural saea
defences
- Thousands of years
ago it was it was
covered by the sea
- Historically it was
drained for
agricultural
purposes
- It is a flat landscape, the
heighest is 8km
- Covers an area of
650km
- What were the
causes of the
flood?
- Physical causes
- In January 2014
there was a total
rainfall of
183.8mm of
rainfall which
was 200%
higher than the
average
- Prolonged rain,
hurricane-force
wind speeds&
tidal surges
caused
widespread
flooding
- It was a lowland
area so was prone
to flooding
- From mid-December 2013 to mid-Febuary
2014 there were 12 major storms, which ment
the ground was saturated and could not
absorbe anymore water so it flooded
- High tides and storm surges from the Bristol channel
prevented water from getting into the sea
- Storms were
caused by a
powerful jet
stream (narrow
band of very
strong wind
currents that circle
the globe svereal
Km above earth)
driving
low-pressure into
the system and
storms across the
atlantic
- The storms were the worst in the UK in 20 years
and caused the river Parrett and tone to flood
- The storms were the worst in the UK in 20 years
and caused the river Parrett and tone to flood
- Storms were
caused by a
powerful jet
stream (narrow
band of very
strong wind
currents that circle
the globe svereal
Km above earth)
driving
low-pressure into
the system and
storms across the
atlantic
- High tides and storm surges from the Bristol channel
prevented water from getting into the sea
- From mid-December 2013 to mid-Febuary
2014 there were 12 major storms, which ment
the ground was saturated and could not
absorbe anymore water so it flooded
- It was a lowland
area so was prone
to flooding
- Prolonged rain,
hurricane-force
wind speeds&
tidal surges
caused
widespread
flooding
- In January 2014
there was a total
rainfall of
183.8mm of
rainfall which
was 200%
higher than the
average
- Human causes
- Building were
developed on
floodplains, below
sea level
- There was a change in farming
practice- from grassland to
maize, this means the land was
less able to retain water, it ran
over the surface rather than
being absorbed
- The river was not dreged properly for 20 years
(involves digging up weeds, mud and rubish from the
river bed), that ment that the River Parette was
blocked and could carry less water than it should be
able to, a river should be dregged every 5 years but
this costs £4 million
- People brlieve that if the
river had been dregged the
extent of the flood wouldn't
have been as bad/
- Farmers warned
the government
about the need to
dredge the river
byt they didn't
listen
- Farmers warned
the government
about the need to
dredge the river
byt they didn't
listen
- People brlieve that if the
river had been dregged the
extent of the flood wouldn't
have been as bad/
- The river was not dreged properly for 20 years
(involves digging up weeds, mud and rubish from the
river bed), that ment that the River Parette was
blocked and could carry less water than it should be
able to, a river should be dregged every 5 years but
this costs £4 million
- There was a change in farming
practice- from grassland to
maize, this means the land was
less able to retain water, it ran
over the surface rather than
being absorbed
- Building were
developed on
floodplains, below
sea level
- Physical causes
- What were the
effects of the
flooding
- Social
- 600 homes
affected
- Villages such as
Muchelney were
completely cut off
- Journey times were made longer as
roads were inaccessible
- Journey times were made longer as
roads were inaccessible
- Villages such as
Muchelney were
completely cut off
- 600 homes
affected
- Economic
- The finical cost to the Somerset
economy was between £82 million
and £147 million
- Businesses lost
trade
- Mnay of the livestock had to be
moved out of the area and sold
- Mnay of the livestock had to be
moved out of the area and sold
- Businesses lost
trade
- The finical cost to the Somerset
economy was between £82 million
and £147 million
- Environmental
- 6900 hectares
of agricultural
land was
underwater
for a month
- Chemicals from farmlands and
sweage were put into the
water supply
- Natural England
reported that the floods
seemed to have little
impact on the wildlife
- Natural England
reported that the floods
seemed to have little
impact on the wildlife
- Chemicals from farmlands and
sweage were put into the
water supply
- 6900 hectares
of agricultural
land was
underwater
for a month
- Social
- How did different stake
holders respond to the
flood in the short term
and thre long term?
- Short term responses
- Giant pumps were
brought from the
Netherlands
- The royal marines
were deployed to
help people in cut
off villages
- Environmental agency
instslled 62 pumps
(working 24 hours a day)
to remove 1.5 million
tones of water- they were
borrowed from the
Netherlands
- Police increased patrols
- Police increased patrols
- Environmental agency
instslled 62 pumps
(working 24 hours a day)
to remove 1.5 million
tones of water- they were
borrowed from the
Netherlands
- The royal marines
were deployed to
help people in cut
off villages
- Giant pumps were
brought from the
Netherlands
- Long term
responses
- Remove silt and
weeds from the
river bed, which
reduces run-off
- Repair the 50 defences across
Somerset that were in need of
repair (e.g.pumps, floodgates)
- Could farmers be paied to keep
flood water on their land?
- National management: A 20
year flood plan was made
which included: dredging the
river, repairing damaged flood
banks,making pumps
permenant, building a tidal
barrier (similar to the one on
the Thanmes)
- National management: A 20
year flood plan was made
which included: dredging the
river, repairing damaged flood
banks,making pumps
permenant, building a tidal
barrier (similar to the one on
the Thanmes)
- Could farmers be paied to keep
flood water on their land?
- Repair the 50 defences across
Somerset that were in need of
repair (e.g.pumps, floodgates)
- Remove silt and
weeds from the
river bed, which
reduces run-off
- Short term responses
- Should the Somerset
Levels be allowed to
return to a natural wet
land?
- If it was to return
to a natural wet
land it would mean
there wouldn't be
a problem with
flooding.
- Many MP's don't want
this and invested a lot
of money in defences
as they have houses
there
- Many MP's don't want
this and invested a lot
of money in defences
as they have houses
there
- If it was to return
to a natural wet
land it would mean
there wouldn't be
a problem with
flooding.
- Facts...
- Happened in
Jnauary 2014
- 65 million cubed
of flood water
covered 65km
- The River Tone and
Parrett flooded
- Muchelney
was
completely
surronded by
water
- Muchelney
was
completely
surronded by
water
- The River Tone and
Parrett flooded
- 65 million cubed
of flood water
covered 65km
- Happened in
Jnauary 2014
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